Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。
Physics 7120
Name ______________________
Midterm Exam
1. When you blow over the top of a coke bottle, you produce the cavity
resonance frequency of the bottle. If you add water and then blow
over it,
a. The pitch would be higher and the period would be longer
b. The pitch would be higher and the period would be shorter
c. The pitch would be lower and the period would be longer
d. The pitch would be lower and the period would be shorter
2. The spreading out of waves past a small opening is a result of
a. interference
b. reflection
c. diffraction
d. refraction
3. The wave property of light which makes possible the formation of
clear images by the eye is
a. reflection
b. refraction
c. diffraction
d. interference
4. The phenomenon of beats is a result of
a. interference
b. reflection
c. diffraction
d. refraction
5. Light is refracted when it passes from air into the glass of a lens
because
a. it strikes the lens at an angle
b. its speed in the glass is slower than in air.
c. it is partially absorbed by the glass
d. its amplitude changes at the glass interface.
6. Of the following radiation types, which has the highest frequency?
a. gamma rays
b. radio waves
c. ultraviolet
d. blue visible light
7. Explain with the help of a sketch why atoms emit only certain colors
of light. Explain why they absorb the same colors strongly.
8. Sound in air is composed of
a. longitudinal waves
b. transverse waves
c. either transverse or longitudinal waves
d. neither transverse nor longitudinal waves
e. transverse waves on Mon, Wed, and Fri but otherwise longitudinal.
9. Lying on a dock on Lake Lanier after finishing the 7120 course, a
student noted that waves reached the dock every 5 seconds and that the
distance between crests was about 3 meters. Quick as a flash she
calculated the wave speed to be
a. 5/3 m/sec
b. 15 m/sec
c. 3/5 m/sec
d. can't be determined from the data given.
10. When a real image of an object is formed on a screen by a lens, the
image must be
a. inverted
b. larger than the object
c. smaller than the object
d. none of the above is necessarily true.
11. In a rainbow, light is
a. refracted
b. reflected
c. both refracted and reflected
12. A sunset appears red because
a. blue light is scattered out of the sun's rays as they pass through a
longer-than-normal air path.
b. air tends to absorb blue light more than red light.
c. scattering in air progressively lowers the frequency of the
light in its long air path.
d. blue light is refracted out of the beam in the long air path.
13. When a source of sound approaches, measurements will show an
increase in the sound's
a. speed
b. frequency
c. wavelength
d. all of these
e. none of these
14. In AM radio transmission,
a. a high frequency sound is transmitted.
b. sound is transmitted on a radio carrier wave.
c. the sound is amplitude modulated by the electromagnetic carrier wave.
d. an "electric image" of the sound varies the amplitude of a carrier
electromagnetic wave.
15. Which way will the light ray bend from its original path when
entering the glass below?
16. An underlying reason for the warmth of greenhouses is that
a. whitewash on the outer surface of the glass filters ultraviolet
light.
b. glass is transparent to incoming high frequency energy but opaque to
low frequency re-radiated energy.
c. re-radiated energy from plants travels at too low a speed to get
through the glass and is trapped inside.
d. some of the sunlight incident upon plants is converted into energy
by photosynthesis
17. An oar partially immersed in water appears "broken" because of
a. refraction
b. interference
c. diffraction
d. absorption
e. polarization
18. Which of the following is a property of a light wave but not of a
sound wave
a. frequency
b. wavelength
c. polarization
d. interference
e. Doppler effect
19. The characteristic quality of a sustained musical instrument sound
is determined mainly by
a. its pitch
b. its amplitude
c. the relative amplitudes of the upper harmonics of the tone
d. the attack and decay transients and vibrato in the tone
20. Light is emitted when
a. electrons jump from lower to higher levels
b. molecules vibrate
c. electrons jump from higher to lower levels
d. electrons are ejected from atoms
21. Of the following types of electromagnetic radiation, the one with
the shortest wavelength is
a. microwaves
b. radio waves
c. visible light
d. ultraviolet
22. The type of wave most likely to diffract around a building would be
a. an AM radio carrier wave
b. a microwave
c. visible light
d. x-rays
23. Smoke sometimes appears blue because
a. very fine smoke particles selectively scatter short wavelengths to
your eye
b. some types of smoke particles are blue
c. smoke absorbs other colors
d. blue light is more easily transmitted by smoke.
24. Which of the following cannot produce ionization and the radiation
damage effects associated with ionizing radiation
a. x-rays
b. gamma rays
c. microwaves
d. ultraviolet
25. A vibrating string will have certain natural vibration frequencies
or resonances because
a. it is always driven at those frequencies
b. all objects vibrate in harmonics
c. all other frequencies tend to be destroyed by destructive
interference.
d. these frequencies are enhanced by constructive interference
26. If you want to achieve higher resolution with an electron
microscope, you use
a. higher speed electrons because their wavelengths are shorter
b. higher speed electrons because their wavelengths are longer
c. lower speed electrons because their wavelengths are shorter
d. lower speed electrons because their wavelengths are longer
27. When a vibrating metal rod causes the air in a tube to vibrate, the
waves in the air have
a. the same speed as those in the rod
b. the same frequency as those in the rod
c. the same wavelength as those in the rod
c. the same amplitude as those in the rod
28. The velocity of photoelectrons emitted from a surface by the
photoelectric effect is determined by
a. the total energy of the light
b. the intensity of the light
c. the frequency of the light
d. the velocity of the light
29. The wave property that limits the fineness of detail which you can
see with a light microscope is diffraction, which smears out the image.
To get the finest detail you should
a. use longer wavelength light
b. use brighter light
c. use a lens with greater magnification
d. use shorter wavelength light
30. When an electron makes a transition from a high energy state to a
lower energy state
a. it emits a photon of energy equal to the energy of the higher state
b. it absorbs a photon
c. it emits a photon of energy equal to the difference in energy
between the higher and lower states.
d. nonsense - the electron is forbidden to make such a transition.
31. Which colors of light could you mix in equal proportion an get
yellow light as a resulting color. Is this the only way to get that
yellow ? Explain. What color would you mix in equal proportions with
yellow to get white light as a result?
32. Why is the sky blue?
33. A vibrating string of length 120 cm vibrates in a standing wave
mode with three distinct loops in the vibration pattern when driven by
a 120 Hz vibrator. The wave velocity in the string is
a. 1 m/sec
b. 3 m/sec
c. 150 m/sec
d. 96 m/sec
e. none of the above
34. The temperature of a distant incandescent hot object can be
determined by measuring
a. the total radiation received from it.
b. the wavelength at which the emission spectrum peaks
c. the shortest wavelength emitted
d. the shape of the curve of emission as a function of frequency.
35. The resolution of the wave-particle paradox for light is
a. light exhibits its wave properties in some experiments and particle
properties in others - having an essential dual nature.
b. light always behaves as a wave but other rays can show both wave and
particle properties.
c. no one knows what light is
d. light only appears to have particle properties; it is essentially a
wave phenomenon.
36. On some days, air nearest the ground is colder than the air that is
higher up. On one of these days, sound waves
a. tend to be refracted upward
b. tend to be refracted downward
c. travel without refraction through the air.
37. The different spectral colors of light correspond to different
a. frequencies
b. intensities
c. polarities
d. velocities
38. To accommodate for viewing close objects, the eye must change its
a. focal length
b. image distance
c. aperture
d. f-number
whereas to focus closely the camera must change its
a. focal length
b. image distance
c. aperture
d. f-number
39. Which color light has the most energy per photon?
a. red
b. green
c. blue
d. all the same
40. Light intensity from an incandescent source is plotted as a
function of frequency as shown in the radiation curve. If this light is
first passed through a cool gas, the resulting radiation curve would
look like
This best illustrates that the atoms of gas have
a. been excited to higher energy levels
b. absorbed part of the light
c. amplified selective resonant frequencies of the transmitted light.
41. The quantum of light is called a
a. quark
b. lighton
c. lepton
d. photon
and its energy
a. increases with light frequency increases
b. increases with wavelength increases
d. increases with frequency decrease.
d. is independent of wavelength.
42. The lens of a nearsighted person's eye focuses parallel rays of
light
a. on the retina
b. behind the retina
c. in front of the retina
d. does not focus parallel rays at all
because
a. the lens is too strong
b. the lens is too weak
c. of astigmatism
d. the focal length is too short
43. Assuming the settings to be the same, oscilloscope display A
represents a wave of higher
whereas display B represents a wave of higher
a. amplitude
b. frequency
c. velocity
d. wavelength
44. When a 1000 Hz tuning fork is struck and held over the open end of
a cylindrical tube filled with water, the first resonance occurs when
the water level is lowered to 8.5 cm below the top of the tube. This
length corresponds to
a. one quarter wavelength for the sound wave
b. one half wavelength for the sound wave
a. one wavelength for the sound wave
a. nonsense ... it is related to the frequency and not to the
wavelength.
The velocity of sound corresponding to this resonant frequency is
a. 340 m/s
b. 680 m/s
c. 170 m/s
d. 85 m/s
45. The photoelectric effect uses light to
a. eject electrons from metals
b. create electron-positron pairs
c. reflect from metal
d. change into electrons
and demonstrates
a. the wave nature of light
b. the particle nature of light
c. that light can be particle or waves..
d. the reflective property of metals
46. A spectrum of colors seen in gasoline on a wet street is primarily
a result of
a. interference
b. polarization
c. refraction
d. scattering
e. diffraction
where
a. the light reaching the eye is polarized by double reflection
b. only the higher frequencies of light resonate with the gasoline and
H2O molecules.
c. the thin film of gasoline spreads the light out into its component
colors.
d. some colors of light reflecting from the gasoline surface are
canceled by light reflecting from the water surface
47. You are swinging a child on a playground swing and reflect on the
nature of this simple pendulum. You judge that if a second child
climbed onto the swing with the first, the pendulum period will
a. increase
b. decrease
c. stay the same
because
d. the mass has increased, slowing the pendulum
e. the period is independent of the mass
f. pendulum periods increase with mass
48. Pitch of sound corresponds to
a. frequency
b. noise
c. loudness
d. intensity
whereas amplitude of sound waves corresponds to
a. frequency
b. noise
c. loudness
49. Compared to a soft sound, the speed of a loud sound is
a. less
b. greater
c. the same
and compared to a low-frequency sound, higher-frequency sound
travels
a. slower
b. faster
c. the same
物理7120 姓名 ______________________ 期中考试 1. 当你把嘴贴在可乐瓶口吹气时，你会产生瓶子的腔体共振频率。如果你往瓶中加水然后吹气，a. 音调会更高，周期会更长 b. 音调会更高，周期会更短 c. 音调会更低，周期会更长 d. 音调会更低，周期会更短 2. 波在小孔旁边扩散的现象是由于 a. 干涉 b. 反射 c. 衍射 d. 折射 3. 光的波的性质使得眼睛能够形成清晰的图像，这是由于 a. 反射 b. 折射 c. 衍射 d. 干涉 4. 振荡现象是由于 a. 干涉 b. 反射 c. 衍射 d. 折射 5. 光从空气进入玻璃透镜时发生折射，是因为 a. 它以一定角度击中透镜 b. 它在玻璃中的速度比在空气中慢。 c. 它部分被玻璃吸收 d. 它在玻璃界面处振幅发生变化。 6. 在下列辐射类型中，哪一种频率最高？ a. 伽马射线 b. 无线电波 c. 紫外线 d. 蓝色可见光 7. 用示意图说明为什么原子只发射某些颜色的光。解释为什么它们对同样的颜色吸收很强。 8. 空气中的声音由 a. 纵向波 b. 横向波 c. 无论是横向波还是纵向波 d. 既不是横向波也不是纵向波 e. 周一、周三和周五是横向波，其他时间是纵向波。
在完成7120课程后，一名学生在Lake Lanier湖畔的码头上注意到，波每5秒到达一次，且波峰之间的距离约为3米。她迅速计算出波速为a. 5/3 m/sec b. 15 m/sec c. 3/5 m/sec d. 无法从给定数据确定。10. 当用透镜在屏幕上形成一个实像时，该像必须是a. 倒立的 b. 比物体大 c. 比物体小 d. 以上都不一定正确。11. 在彩虹中，光是a. 折射 b. 反射 c. 既折射又反射。12. 日落显得红色是因为a. 蓝色光在阳光通过比正常更长的空气路径时被散射出去。b. 空气倾向于吸收比红色光更多的蓝色光。c. 空气中的散射使光在长路径中频率逐渐降低。d. 蓝色光在长路径中被折射出去。13. 当声源接近时，测量会显示声波的a. 速度 b. 频率 c. 波长 d. 所有这些 e. 以上都不。14. 在AM无线电传输中，a. 高频声音被传输。b. 声音通过无线电载波传输。c. 声音被电磁载波波的幅度调制。d. 声音的“电像”使载波电磁波的幅度变化。15. 光线进入玻璃下方时，会从原路径向哪个方向弯曲？16. 绿色house的温暖原因在于a.
玻璃外表面的白漆可滤除紫外线。b. 玻璃对入射的高频能量透明，但对低频再辐射的能量不透明。c. 植物再辐射的能量传播速度太低，无法穿透玻璃而被困在其中。d. 一些照射到植物上的阳光被转化为能量。17. 木桨部分浸入水中时会显得“断开”，这是因为a. 折射 b. 干涉 c. 衍射 d. 吸收 e. 极化 18. 下列哪项是光波的特性，但不是声波的特性 a. 频率 b. 波长 c. 极化 d. 干涉 e. 多普勒效应 19. 持续的乐器声音的特征质量主要由a. 其音调 b. 其振幅 c. 音调的高次谐波相对振幅 d. 起音和衰减瞬态以及音调中的泛音 20. 光的发射发生在a. 电子从低能级跃迁到高能级 b. 分子振动 c. 电子从高能级跃迁到低能级 d. 电子被从原子中射出 21. 在下列电磁波类型中，波长最短的是a. 微波 b. 无线电波 c. 可见光 d. 紫外线 22. 最可能绕过建筑物衍射的波类型是a. AM电台载波波 b. 微波 c. 可见光 d. X射线 23. 有时烟看起来是蓝色的，因为a. 非常细的烟粒子选择性地将短波长散射到人眼 b. 一些类型的烟粒子是蓝色的 c. 烟吸收其他颜色 d.
蓝光更容易被烟雾传输。24. 以下哪项不能产生电离及与电离辐射相关的损伤效应？a. X射线 b. 伽马射线 c. 微波 d. 紫外线 25. 一根振动的弦会因其自然振动频率或共振而具有某些特定频率，这是因为 a. 它总是被驱动在这些频率上 b. 所有物体都以谐波振动 c. 其他频率倾向于因破坏性干涉而被破坏。d. 这些频率因建设性干涉而增强 26. 如果想用电子显微镜获得更高的分辨率，应使用 a. 高速电子，因为它们的波长更短 b. 高速电子，因为它们的波长更长 c. 低速电子，因为它们的波长更短 d. 低速电子，因为它们的波长更长 27. 当振动的金属棒使管内空气振动时，空气中的波具有 a. 与棒中波相同的速度 b. 与棒中波相同的频率 c. 与棒中波相同的波长 c. 与棒中波相同的振幅 28. 由光电效应从表面发射的光电子的速度由 a. 光的总能量 b. 光的强度 c. 光的频率 d. 光的速度决定 29. 用光学显微镜观察时，限制你能看到的细节精细度的波特性是衍射，它会使图像模糊。为了获得最精细的细节，你应该 a. 使用较长波长的光 b. 使用更亮的光 c.
使用一个放大率更大的透镜。使用较短波长的光。30. 当电子从高能态跃迁到低能态时，a. 它发出一个能量等于高能态能量的光子 b. 它吸收一个光子 c. 它发出一个能量等于高能态和低能态之间能量差的光子。d. 非常不合理——电子被禁止进行这样的跃迁。31. 哪些颜色的光以相等比例混合可以得到黄色光作为结果颜色？这是否是唯一获得该黄色的方法？解释。用黄色光以相等比例混合哪种颜色可以得到白色光？32. 为什么天空是蓝色的？33. 一根长120厘米的振动弦在由120Hz振动器驱动时，以驻波模式振动，振动图案中有三个明显的波形。弦中的波速是a. 1米/秒 b. 3米/秒 c. 150米/秒 d. 96米/秒 e. 以上都不对34. 远处一个炽热的物体的温度可以通过测量a. 从它接收到的总辐射。b. 发射光谱峰值的波长。c. 最短发射的波长。d. 作为频率函数的发射曲线的形状。35. 光的波粒二象性悖论的解决是a. 光在某些实验中表现出波动性质，在另一些实验中表现出粒子性质——具有本质的二重性。b. 光总是表现为波动，但其他射线可以表现出波动和粒子性质。c. 没有人知道光是什么。
光只表现出粒子性质；本质上是一种波现象。36. 在某些日子，贴近地面的空气比更高处的空气更冷。在其中一天，声波 a. 趋于向上折射 b. 趋于向下折射 c. 在空气中无折射传播。37. 光的不同谱色对应于不同的 a. 频率 b. 强度 c. 极性 d. 速度 38. 为了看清近处的物体，眼睛必须改变其 a. 焦距 b. 像距 c. 光圈 d. f 数；而为了聚焦近距离的相机必须改变其 a. 焦距 b. 像距 c. 光圈 d. f 数 39. 哪种颜色的光每个光子的能量最大？a. 红色 b. 绿色 c. 蓝色 d. 一样 40. 从白炽光源发出的光强度随频率的变化如辐射曲线所示。如果这种光首先通过一个冷却的气体，所得的辐射曲线会看起来像这样。这最好说明气体中的原子有 a. 被激发到更高的能级 b. 吸收部分光 c. 放大了透射光的选共振频率。41. 光的量子称为 a. 轻子 b. 光子 c. 轻子 d. 光子，其能量 a. 随光频率增加而增加 b. 随波长增加而增加 d. 随频率降低而增加。d. 与波长无关。42. 近视眼的人的晶状体会使平行光束 a. 聚焦在视网膜上 b. 聚焦在视网膜之后 c. 聚焦在视网膜之前 d.
43. 由于 a. 镜片太强 b. 镜片太弱 c. 有散光 d. 焦距太短，它不能将平行光线聚焦在一起。44. 假设设置相同，示波器显示 A 表示一个振幅更高的波，显示 B 表示一个频率更高的波。a. 幅度 b. 频率 c. 速度 d. 波长 45. 光电效应利用光来 a. 从金属中打出电子 b. 产生电子-正电子对 c. 从金属反射 d. 转变为电子，并显示 a. 光的波动性 b. 光的粒子性 c. 光可以是粒子或波。d. 金属的反射性质 46. 汽油在湿路上形成的彩色光谱主要是由于 a. 干涉 b. 偏振 c. 折射 d. 散射 e. 衍射 其中 a. 到眼睛的光因双反射而被偏振 b. 只有光的高频部分与汽油和 H2O 分子共振。c. 汽油的薄膜将光分散成其组成部分的彩色光。d.
一些光从汽油表面反射的光与从水表面反射的光相互抵消。47. 你在游乐场荡秋千，并思考这个单摆的性质。你判断如果第二个孩子爬到秋千上与第一个孩子一起荡，单摆的周期将 a. 增大 b. 减小 c. 不变，因为 d. 质量增加，使单摆变慢 e. 周期与质量无关 f. 单摆周期随质量增大而增大。48. 声音的音调对应于 a. 频率 b. 噪声 c. 响度 d. 强度，而声波的振幅对应于 a. 频率 b. 噪声 c. 响度。49. 与柔和的声音相比，响亮的声音的速度是 a. 更小 b. 更大 c. 相同，而与低频声音相比，高频声音传播的速度是 a. 更慢 b. 更快 c. 相同。