Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版:英文原文完整保留,中文紧随对应单元;术语采用 v20260916 确认表,自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Colligative Properties of Solutions

溶液的依数性质

Colligative properties of solutions are properties that depend upon the concentration of solute molecules or ions, but not upon the identity of the solute. Colligative properties include freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, vapor pressure lowering, and osmotic pressure.

溶液的依数性质是那些取决于溶质分子或离子的浓度,但不取决于溶质种类的性质。依数性质包括凝固点降低、沸点升高、蒸气压降低和渗透压。
Freezing point depression by dissolved material
溶解物质导致的冰点降低
Boiling point elevation by dissolved material
溶解物质引起的沸点升高
Index

Chemistry concepts

Reference
Ebbing
Ch 12
化学概念索引 参考 Ebbing 第12章
 
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