Combination Reactions组合反应
There are many pairs of reactants which combine to give a single product. The reactions happen when it is energetically favorable to do so. Examples are 有许多反应物对结合生成单一产物。当从能量上有利时，这些反应会发生。例如是
C(s) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g) N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g) CaO(s) + H₂O(l) → Ca(OH)₂(s) |
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Decomposition Reactions分解反应
Many molecules which are stable at room temperature will decompose upon being heated. 许多在室温下稳定的分子在受热时会分解。
2KClO₃ (s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O₃ (g) PbCO₃ (s) → 2PbO(s) + CO₂ (g) |
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Single Substitution Reactions单取代反应
When a reaction involves an element which displaces another in a compound, it is called a single substitution or single replacement reaction. The name "displacement reaction" is also used. For example, a copper strip dipped in a silver nitrate solution will displace silver atoms, producing copper nitrate and precipitating silver metal crystals. 当反应涉及一种元素在化合物中置换另一种元素时，称为单置换或单替换反应。也称为‘置换反应’。例如，将铜片浸入硝酸银溶液中，铜会置换出银原子，生成硝酸铜并析出银金属晶体。
If zinc metal is dipped into an acid, the zinc will displace the hydrogen from the acid. 如果将锌金属浸入酸中，锌会从酸中置换出氢。
Generally, active metals will displace hydrogen from an acid. 通常，活泼金属会从酸中置换出氢气
Cu(s) + 2AgNO₃(aq) → 2 Ag(s) + Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2 H₂(g) + ZnCl₂(aq) |
Index Chemistry concepts Reference Ebbing Ch 3 化学概念索引 参考 Ebbing 第3章 | ||
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Double Substitution Reactions双置换反应
When a reaction appears to exchange parts of the reactants, the reaction is referred to as a double substitution or double replacement reaction. Another name used for such reactions is "metathesis reactions". When the reactants are ionic compounds in solution, the anions and cations of the compounds are exchanged. Probably the most famous of such reactions among teachers of chemistry is the reaction between lead nitrate and potassium iodide: 当反应似乎交换反应物的组成部分时，该反应被称为双置换或双替换反应。这类反应的另一种名称是‘配位反应’。当反应物是溶液中的离子化合物时，化合物的阴离子和阳离子会相互交换。在化学教学中，最著名的这类反应之一是铅硝酸盐与碘化钾的反应：
Both of the reactants form colorless solutions, but the lead iodide product is a dramatic yellow solid which precipitates out of the solution. 两种反应物都形成无色溶液，但生成的碘化铅产物是一种显眼的黄色固体，从溶液中析出。
2KI(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) → 2KNO₃(aq) + PbI(s) |
Index Chemistry concepts Reference Ebbing Ch 3 化学概念索引 参考 Ebbing 第3章 | ||
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