Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Auto Battery Output

汽车电池输出

The existence of internal resistance in an auto battery limits the output power. The effect can be very drastic on a low resistance load like a starter. Its effect on an intermediate resistance load like the headlights is less pronounced, and you may not even detect a problem in the operation of high resistance loads like a radio. Change resistances or battery voltage to explore their effects.

汽车电池内部的电阻会限制输出功率。这种影响在低电阻负载如起动机上可能非常显著，在中间电阻负载如车灯上影响不那么明显，而在高电阻负载如收音机上，你甚至可能察觉不到问题。改变电阻或电池电压以探索其影响。

The values for battery voltage, load resistance, and internal resistance may be changed in the exploratory calculation below. Default values will be entered for any one of those values left unspecified, typical of the battery example, but any of those values may be changed.

在下面的探索性计算中，电池电压、负载电阻和内阻的值可能被更改。对于未指定的任何一项，将输入默认值，这与电池示例典型的情况相符，但任何一项都可能被更改。
For a battery voltage of VB = volts and a load resistance of Rload =Ω
对于电池电压为 V_B = 伏特，负载电阻为 R_load = 欧姆
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：vb 2：rl。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
the power delivered to the load by an ideal battery would be Pload = watts.
理想电池向负载提供的功率为 P_load = 瓦特。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：pid。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
However, in the real world, a battery always has some internal resistance.
然而，在现实世界中，电池总是具有一定的内部电阻
If the internal resistance is Rinternal = Ω ,
若内部电阻为 R internal = Ω ，
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：rint。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
the total current is I = A
总电流是 I = A
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：iit。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
and the total power produced by the battery is P = watts.
电池产生的总功率是 P = 瓦特。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：po。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
But the situation for the load is even worse than that,
但负载的情况比这更糟
because Pinternal heat = watts is wasted in internal heat in the battery.
因为电池内部发热的功率（瓦特）在电池内部以热能形式浪费了。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：pht。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
So the final power which gets delivered to the load is Pload = watts,
所以最终传递到负载的功率是 P_load = 瓦特，
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：pal。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
down to just % of what you would get with an ideal battery.
降至仅为你使用理想电池时得到的%。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：ppc。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
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