Unification of Gravity

重力的统一

The final step of unification, past electroweak unification and grand unification, would be to add gravity to reach the final goal of one unified force. It has become popular to call such a unified theory a "theory of everything".

统一的最终一步，即在电弱统一和大统一之后，将是将引力纳入其中，以实现最终的单一统一力。将这样的统一理论称为‘万物理论’已成为一种流行说法。

It seems fair to say that we are a long way from understanding quantum gravity. Whereas the electroweak unification and even the proposed grand unification seem to fit well into the standard model of quarks and leptons, quantum gravity definitely does not. To unify gravity, you would have to be able to convert bosons to fermions and vice versa. You don't have the nice matchup of leptons and quarks that you had in the previous steps, and this seems to call for a new class of particles.

可以说，我们对量子引力的理解还很遥远。尽管电弱统一甚至提出的大统一理论似乎很好地融入了夸克和轻子的标准模型，但量子引力显然并不如此。要统一引力，你必须能够将玻色子转换为费米子并 vice versa。你之前步骤中轻子和夸克之间的良好匹配在这里似乎不存在，这似乎需要一种新的粒子种类。

Thoughts about a new set of particles have been collected under the title "supersymmetry". It would appear that you would have to have supersymmetric boson particles for all the fermions and supersymmetric fermion particles for all the bosons. This has led to a new set of names:

supersymmetric quarks .......... squarks
超对称夸克 .......... squarks
supersymmetric leptons ..........sleptons
超对称轻子 ..........轻子
supersymmetric photons .........photinos
超对称光子 .........光子ino
supersymmetric gravitons ........gravitinos
超对称引力子 ........引力子
supersymmetric gluons .......... gluinos
超对称胶子 .......... 胶子
supersymmetric W's ...............winos
超对称W的............winos
supersymmetric Z's ................zinos
超对称Z的................Zinos

At this point all these things seem to be beyond the range of our experimental efforts. We can look for high energy events in astrophysical phenomena for relics of the early era when gravity would have been unified. We can look for departures from the standard model in all our high energy accelerator experiments in the hope of finding a hint of some phenomenon which could test the theories. Looking for evidence of supersymmetry could be a fruitful path for inquiry.

关于一组新粒子的思考已收集在标题为“超对称性”的下文中。似乎你必须为所有费米子有超对称性玻色子粒子，为所有玻色子有超对称性费米子粒子。这导致了一组新的名称：此时所有这些似乎都超出了我们实验努力的范围。我们可以在天体物理现象中寻找高能事件，以寻找早期引力尚未统一时期的遗迹。我们可以在所有高能加速器实验中寻找标准模型的偏差，希望找到某种现象的线索，以检验这些理论。寻找超对称性的证据可能是探索的 fruitful path（ fruitful path 保留原词）。

Einstein's attempts to find a unified field theory

爱因斯坦寻找统一场论的尝试

Index

索引

HyperPhysics***** Quantum Physics

HyperPhysics ***** 量子物理

R Nave

Go Back