Nuclear Excitation Energies
核激发能
One of the ways to measure the stability of nuclear ground states is to measure the energy necessary to raise it to its first excited state. The excitation energies for the even-A isotopes of lead are shown, and the required energy is dramatically larger for the isotope which has a magic number of neutrons. This is strong evidence for a shell model of the nucleus.
测量核基态稳定性的方法之一是测量将其提升到第一激发态所需的能量。铅的偶数质量数同位素的激发能如图所示，具有中子魔数的同位素所需的能量显著更大。这为核的壳模型提供了有力证据。
The isotope lead-208 is particularly unique in being "doubly magic" with Z=82 and N=126.
铅-208同位素特别独特，因为它具有‘双魔数’特性，Z=82和N=126。
| Evidence for nuclear shell structure
核壳层结构的证据 | "Magic numbers" of nucleons
核子的'魔数' |
Nuclear Structure Concepts
Reference
Booth & Combley
索引：核结构概念参考书目 Booth & Combley
| HyperPhysics***** Nuclear
HyperPhysics ***** 核物理 | R Nave |
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