Lead
铅
Lead is a soft, heavy, dull gray metal with low tensile strength. It is used in making type, for covering electrical cables, and in many alloys. The organic lead compound tetraethyl lead, Pb(C2H5)4, was widely used as a gasoline additive to prevent knock in automobile until concern about lead toxicity caused that use to be discontinued.
铅是一种柔软、沉重、暗灰色的金属，其抗拉强度较低。它用于制造字模，用于覆盖电气电缆，并在许多合金中使用。有机铅化合物四乙基铅，Pb(C₂H₅)₄，曾广泛用作汽油添加剂以防止汽车发动机敲缸，直到对铅毒性的担忧导致该用途被取消。
Lead forms a thin surface layer of oxide in air, which slowly changes to a basic carbonate. Hard water forms a similar coating on lead, which protects the water from further contamination with soluble lead compounds. Soft water dissolves appreciable amounts of lead, which is poisonous.
铅在空气中会形成一层薄的氧化物表面层，该层会逐渐转化为碱式碳酸盐。硬水会在铅表面形成类似的沉积物，从而保护水不被进一步污染，避免可溶的铅化合物的侵入。软水则会溶解相当数量的铅，这种铅是有毒的。
Lead monoxide, PbO, called litharge is made by heating lead in air. It is a yellow powder or yellowish-red crystalline material which is used in making lead glass.
铅氧化物（PbO），称为石英铅，是通过在空气中加热铅制得的。它是一种黄色粉末或淡红色结晶物质，用于制造铅玻璃。
Red lead, Pb3O4, can be made by heating lead in oxygen. It is used in glass making and for making a red paint for protecting iron and steel structures.
红铅（化学式为Pb₃O₄）可以通过在氧气中加热铅来制备。它用于玻璃制造，并用于制作保护铁钢结构的红色涂料。
Lead dioxide, PbO2, is widely used in lead storage batteries. The mineral form of lead dioxide is called Plattnerite.
铅的氧化物，PbO₂，广泛用于铅蓄电池中。铅氧化物的矿物形式称为普拉特内石。
White lead is a basic carbonate of lead, Pb3(OH)2(CO3)2, which was widely used as a white pigment in paint until concerns about lead toxicity brought a halt to most such uses. Lead carbonate, PbCO3, in mineral form is called cerussite. Another carbonate form of lead is phosgenite. A lead mineral with both carbonate and sulfate groups is leadhillite.
铅白是一种铅的碱式碳酸盐，化学式为Pb₃(OH)₂(CO₃)₂，曾广泛用作油漆中的白色颜料，直到人们对铅毒性的担忧导致其大多数用途被禁止。铅碳酸盐（PbCO₃）在矿物中称为方铅矿。另一种铅的碳酸盐是磷氯铅矿。含碳酸盐和硫酸盐基团的铅矿物称为铅石。
Lead chromate, PbCrO4, is also used as a pigment under the name chrome yellow. A brilliant red-orange color is exhibited by the mineral crocoite, a mineral form of PbCrO4.
铅铬酸盐（PbCrO₄）也被称为铬黄作为颜料使用。矿物铬铅矿（PbCrO₄的一种矿物形式）呈现出鲜艳的红橙色。
Lead in its metallic form is widely used for radiation shielding because of its high absorption constant for x-rays and gamma-rays.
金属铅因其对X射线和伽马射线的高吸收系数而被广泛用于辐射屏蔽。
Lead occurs naturally in the sulfide mineral galena (PbS) and occurs with vanadium in vanadinite. Lead forms a sulfide with antimony and iron called Jamesonite and sulfides with antimony called zinkenite, plagionite, semseyite and boulangerite. Dufrenoysite and gratonite are sulfides of lead with arsenic. A sulfide formed with antimony and arsenic is called jordanite. A sulfide formed with tin, iron and antimony is called cylindrite. Bournonite is a sulfide with copper, lead and antimony. A sulfide formed with tin and antimony is called franckeite. Lead is found in the mineral nagyagite, a sulfide, along with gold, iron, antimony, and tellurium. Silver joins with lead and antimony in the sulfide andorite, AgPbSb3S6. Lead, copper and iron join in the sulfide betekhtinite. In the sulfide mineral hutchinsonite,(Tl, Pb)2As5S9 , lead joins with arsenic and thallium.
铅自然存在于硫化物矿物方铅矿（PbS）中，并与钒共存于钒铜矿中。铅与锑和铁形成名为詹姆斯顿石的硫化物，与锑形成称为锌肯石、 plagionite、 semseyite 和 boulangerite 的硫化物。Dufrenoysite 和 gratonite 是含铅和砷的硫化物。由锑和砷形成的硫化物称为乔丹石。由锡、铁和锑形成的硫化物称为圆柱石。Bournonite 是含铜、铅和锑的硫化物。由锡和锑形成的硫化物称为弗兰克石。铅存在于含金、铁、锑和碲的矿物 nagyagite 中。银与铅和锑形成硫化物和或石（AgPbSb₃S₆）。铅、铜和铁在硫化物 betekhtinite 中共存。在硫化物矿物 hutchinsonite（(Tl, Pb)₂As₅S₉）中，铅与砷和铊共存。
Lead sulfate, PbSO4, in the mineral form anglesite is sometimes of gem quality. Another lead sulfate is lanarkite.
Lead forms an oxide mineral with titanium, iron and manganese called senaite. An oxide with zinc and vanadium is descloizite. An oxide with uranium and vanadium is Francevillite. An oxide of lead with zinc, vanadium and copper is mottramite. An oxide of lead with tungsten is stolzite.
铅与钛、铁和锰形成一种氧化物矿物，称为塞纳石。含锌和钒的氧化物称为德克洛伊石。含铀和钒的氧化物称为弗朗西维尔石。含铅、锌、钒和铜的氧化物称为莫特拉石。含铅和钨的氧化物称为斯托兹石。
One lead chloride mineral is mendipite, PbO2Cl2.
A chloride of copper and lead is diaboleite. A chloride of lead and antimony is nadorite, PbSbO2Cl. Lead with chlorine and fluorine form matlockite. Other lead-containing chloride minerals are boleite, mimetite, cumengite and laurionite. Chlorine is in the lead-containing carbonate mineral phosgenite.
一种铅氯矿是矿石矿物mendipite，化学式为PbO₂Cl₂。铜和铅的氯化物是diaboleite。铅和锑的氯化物是nadorite，化学式为PbSbO₂Cl。铅与氯和氟形成matlockite。其他含铅的氯化物矿物还有boleite、mimetite、cumengite和laurionite。氯存在于含铅的碳酸盐矿物phosgenite中。
One mineral form of selenium is the compound with lead, clausthalite, PbSe.
硒的一种矿物形式是与铅形成的化合物，称为clausthalite，化学式为PbSe。
Beudantite is a mineral containing iron and lead along with sulfate and arsenate groups, PbFe3(AsO4,SO4)2(OH)6. A striking green color is exhibited by the mineral bayldonite which combines copper, zinc and lead with an arsenate group.
Duftite is an arsenate mineral of lead and copper.The phosphate mineral pyromorphite , Pb5(PO4)3Cl, also exhibits a green color although it also appears in browns, reds and yellows. The phosphate mineral tsumebite contains lead and copper and shows a green color. Lead appears with copper in caledonite. Lead appears with uranium in curite and kasolite.
贝杜安石是一种含有铁和铅，以及硫酸根和砷酸根的矿物，其化学式为PbFe₃(AsO₄,SO₄)₂(OH)₆。矿物拜尔顿石呈现出 striking green 色，它由铜、锌和铅与砷酸根组成。杜夫石是一种含铅和铜的砷酸盐矿物。磷酸盐矿物吡罗 morphite，化学式为Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl，也表现出绿色，尽管它也呈现棕色、红色和黄色。含铅和铜的磷酸盐矿物塔姆比特石也显示出绿色。铅与铜共存于卡莱顿石中。铅与铀共存于库里特和卡索利特中。
铅硫酸盐，化学式为PbSO₄，在矿物形式的角石矿中有时具有宝石品质。另一种铅硫酸盐是兰卡石。 Lead with calcium and manganese forms the silicate mineral roeblingite.
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Lead is one of the few elements which can be found in nature in pure form. This sample of elemental lead with pyrochroite is displayed in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. The large sample is about 18x30 cm and is from Langban Mine, Filipstad, Varmland, Sweden.
铅是少数几种在自然界以单质形式存在的元素之一。这块含辉石的单质铅样品陈列在史密森尼自然历史博物馆中。这块大样品尺寸约为18x30厘米，来自瑞典Varmland地区的Filipstad的Langban矿。
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铅与锰形成硅酸盐矿物罗布林石 |
