Tin
锡
Tin is a silvery-white metal with great malleability, permitting it to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets called tin-foil. Ordinary white tin has metallic properties, but at temperatures below 18°C it slowly changes form to a non-metallic allotropic modification, gray tin, which has the diamond structure. At very low temperatures, <-50°C, the speed of conversion may be fast enough for metallic tin objects to disintegrate into a powder of gray tin.
锡是一种银白色金属，具有良好的延展性，可以被锤打或轧制成薄片，称为锡箔。普通白锡具有金属特性，但在温度低于18°C时，它会缓慢地转变为一种非金属的同素异形体——灰锡，其结构呈金刚石状。在非常低的温度下，< -50°C，转换速度可能足够快，使金属锡物体分解为灰锡粉末。
Tin finds extensive use as a protective layer for mild steel. Tin plating is done by dipping clean sheets of mild steel into molten tin, or by electroplating. Copper is also sometimes clad with tin in this way.
锡被广泛用作对低碳钢的保护层。锡镀层可以通过将清洁的低碳钢片浸入熔融的锡中，或者通过电镀来实现。铜有时也采用这种方式镀上锡。
The principal alloys of tin are bronze (tin and copper), soft solder (tin and lead), pewter (75% tin and 25% lead), and britannia metal (tin with small amounts of antimony and copper).
锡的主要合金有青铜（锡和铜）、软焊料（锡和铅）、锡合金（75%锡和25%铅）以及布里塔尼亚金属（含少量锑和铜的锡）。
Alloys of tin, lead, antimony and copper find application in surface contact bearings. They contain small hard crystals of a compound such as SnSb embedded in a soft matrix of tin or lead. The good bearing properties result from orientation of the hard crystals to present flat surfaces at the bearing surface.
含锡、铅、锑和铜的合金用于表面接触轴承。这些合金中含有少量硬质晶体的化合物，如SnSb，嵌入柔软的锡或铅基质中。良好的轴承性能源于硬质晶体的取向，使轴承表面呈现平整的表面。
Tin oxide, SnO2, is found in the mineral form cassiterite. It appears with iron and magnesium in the mineral Hulsite. Tin forms a sulfide with lead, iron and antimony is called cylindrite. A sulfide formed with lead and antimony is called franckeite. Stannite is a sulfide with tin and copper. Tin appears with calcium in the silicate stokesite.
氧化锡（SnO₂）存在于矿石形式的锡石中。它出现在矿物霍利斯特（Hulsite）中，与铁和镁共存。锡与铅、铁和锑形成硫化物，称为圆柱石（cylindrite）。由铅和锑形成的硫化物称为弗兰克石（franckeite）。锡和铜形成的硫化物称为锡石（stannite）。锡在硅酸盐矿物斯托克石（stokesite）中与钙共存。
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