Alnico and Alcomax Permanent MagnetsAlnico 和 Alcomax 永磁体
A large variety of strong permanent magnets have been made from alloys of aluminum, nickel and cobalt with iron. Alnico and alcomax are two of the trade names of such alloys. Small amounts of Cu, Ti and Nb may also be used, and the number of variants is large. Even the same composition may be given different names in different countries. 许多强永磁体都是由铝、镍和钴的合金与铁制成的。Alnico和alcomax是这类合金的两种商品名。还可以加入少量的铜、钛和铌，因此变种种类繁多。即使相同的成分在不同国家也可能被赋予不同的名称。
Alnico IV and Alcomax I have randomly oriented grains. Alnico V has superior properties because it has directed columnar crystals which "enable better utilization of the crystalline anisotropy"(Myers). Alnico IV 和 Alcomax I 的晶粒是随机取向的。Alnico V 具有更优异的性能，因为它具有定向的柱状晶体，这“能够更好地利用晶体各向异性”（Myers）。
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Index References Myers Ch 11 索引参考Myers第11章 | |||||||||||||||||||
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Barium-Iron Oxide Magnets钡铁氧化磁体
A useful composite oxide, BaFe12O19 is ground to a fine powder and then cold-pressed in the presence of a magnetic field to achieve magnetic alignment of the particles. It is then heat-treated to stabilize the material. Because it starts from a powder, the magnets can be made in a variety of shapes. 一种有用的复合氧化物BaFe₁₂O₁₉被研磨成细粉，然后在磁場中冷壓以實現粒子的磁性取向。之后进行热处理以稳定材料。由于起始材料是粉末，可以製造出各种形状的磁體。
BaFe12O19 forms hexagonal crystals which show a high degree of magnetic anisotropy. They are difficult to magnetize in any direction other than the c axis. This anisotropy is atomic in origin and is called "magnetocrystalline" anisotropy (Myers). BaFe₁₂O₁₉形成六方晶系，表现出很高的磁各向异性。它们在除c轴以外的任何方向都难以被磁化。这种各向异性源于原子层面，称为“磁晶各向异性”（Myers）。
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Index References Myers Ch 11 索引参考Myers第11章 | |||||||||||
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