Procyon

Procyon（专名或术语）

The Procyon System is located about 11.5 light-years (ly) from our Sun. Procyon A, or Alpha Canis Minoris A, is the brightest and most centrally located naked-eye star (07:39:18.12+05:13:29.98, ICRS 2000.0) of Constellation Canis Minor (the Smaller Dog). Procyon is also the upper left member of the "Winter Triangle" of first magnitude stars, whose other components are Sirius (Alpha Canis Minoris) at lower left and Betegeuse (Alpha Orionis) at right center (see also wide-field image from Astronomy Picture of the Day).

普罗克星系统距离我们的太阳大约11.5光年（ly）。普罗克星A，或天兔座α星A，是天兔座（小犬座）中最亮的肉眼可见星（坐标07:39:18.12+05:13:29.98，ICRS 2000.0）。普罗克星也是“冬季三角形”第一magnitude恒星中的左上角成员，其他成员是位于左下角的天狼星（天兔座α星）和位于右中的参宿四（天琴座α星）（见也广角图像，来自天文学图片日历）。

Alpha Canis Minoris A has a close companion star B that is separated "on average" by only about 16 times the distance from the Earth to the Sun -- 14.9 astronomical units (AUs) of an orbital semi-major axis -- which is roughly the distance between Uranus and our Sun. Alpha Minoris B, the companion star, is a white dwarf, stellar remnant and is so dim that it cannot be perceived with the naked eye. After analyzing irregularities in the proper motion of Procyon which were first detected in 1840, Arthur Julius Georg Friedrich von Auswers (1838-1915) deduced the presence of this faint but massive companion and published a computed period of 40 years in 1861. However, Procyon B was not detected visually until 1896 by John M. Schaeberle (1853-1924) with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. There is a third optical companion C.(Solstation)

参宿四A星有一颗紧密的伴星B，其平均分离距离仅约为地球到太阳距离的16倍——14.9个天文单位（AUs）的轨道半长轴——这大致相当于天王星与太阳之间的距离。伴星B是一颗白矮星，是恒星的残骸，其亮度极低，无法用肉眼观测到。在1840年首次检测到Procyon的自行运动不规则性后，Arthur Julius Georg Friedrich von Auswers（1838-1915）推断出这颗暗但质量大的伴星，并于1861年发表了一颗周期为40年的计算结果。然而，Procyon B直到1896年才被视觉检测到，由John M. Schaeberle（1853-1924）使用利克天文台36英寸折射望远镜发现。还存在第三颗光学伴星C。

Procyon at a resolution of 0.2 arc-seconds.ion C.USAF AMOS, Maui, Hawaii . There is clear evidence of multiple sources.

Procyon 在 0.2 弧秒的分辨率下。ion C.USAF AMOS，夏威夷州莫阿伊。有明显的多个源证据。

Alpha Canis Minoris A, the Little Dog Star, is the eighth brightest star in the night sky as well as the brightest star in its constellation. Unlike the Sun, it is a white-yellow main sequence dwarf star of spectral and luminosity type F5 V-IV . This relatively large star has about 1.5 times the solar mass (Girard et al, 2000) and about 1.4 to 2.3 times its diameter (0.00510 to 0.00550", according to the Yale Bright Star Catalogue, 1991 5th Revised Edition notes entry for HR 2943). Compared to the Sun, moreover, Procyon A is hotter and about 7.5 times brighter. Procyon radiates somewhat more in ultraviolet wavelengths than Sol, and, not surprisingly, the European Space Agency has used ultraviolet spectral flux distribution data to determine stellar effective temperatures and surface gravities, including those of Procyon.(Solstation)

天仓五（Procyon A）是夜空中第八亮的恒星，也是其星座中最亮的恒星。与太阳不同，它是一颗白黄色的主序矮星，光谱和光度类型为F5 V-IV。这颗相对较大的恒星的质量大约是太阳的1.5倍（Girard等，2000），直径大约是太阳的1.4到2.3倍（0.00510到0.00550英寸，根据1991年第五次修订版的耶鲁亮星目录注释，针对HR 2943）。与太阳相比，Procyon A更热，大约明亮7.5倍。Procyon在紫外波长上辐射略多于太阳，这并不令人意外，欧洲航天局已使用紫外光谱通量分布数据来确定恒星的有效温度和表面重力，包括Procyon的。（Solstation）

Procyon Appears to be a relatively young star with only around 1.7 +/- 0.3 billion years (Kenneth Croswell, 2005; and Eggenburger et al, 2005). However, being so much bigger and hotter Sol, the star will exhaust its core hydrogen within even the 4.6 billion years of Sol's current age and turn into a red giant before puffing away its outer layers to reveal a remnant core as a white dwarf. Indeed, Procyon A is unusually bright for its spectral type and so may be becoming a subgiant star that is beginning to evolve off the main sequence, as it begins to fuse the increasing amounts of helium "ash" mixed with hydrogen at its core.(Solstation)

Procyon 看起来是一个相对年轻的恒星，仅有约 1.7 ± 0.3十亿年（Kenneth Croswell, 2005；和 Eggenburger 等，2005）。然而，由于它比太阳大且更热，它将在太阳当前年龄的 4.6十亿年之内耗尽核心的氢，并在抛射外层壳层之前变成红巨星，从而暴露其残余核心成为白矮星。事实上，Procyon A 对于其光谱类型来说异常明亮，因此可能正在成为一颗开始离开主序星的次巨星，开始在核心融合越来越多的氦“残渣”与氢。

Sources:

http://www.solstation.com/stars/procyon2.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gl_15_Star_System
Lippincott, S. L., "Parallax and orbital motion of the 2 nearby long-period visual binaries Groombridge 34 and ADS 9090", 1972, Astronomical Journal, 77, 165.
Lippincott, S. L., 'Parallax and orbital motion of the 2 nearby long-period visual binaries Groombridge 34 and ADS 9090', 1972, Astronomical Journal, 77, 165.

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