Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Cell Theory

细胞理论

It appears that all of life is composed of cells, and this is formalized as the "cell theory" by Karp. The elements of the cell theory are:

看起来，所有生命都是由细胞组成的，这一观点由Karp正式提出，称为“细胞理论”。细胞理论的要素包括：
  • All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
    所有生物都由一个或多个细胞组成
  • The cell is the structural unit of life.
    细胞是生命的结构单位
  • Cells can arise only by division from a preexisting cell.
    细胞只能由一个已存在的细胞分裂产生。
 Index

Reference
Karp
Ch 1
索引参考 Karp 第1章
 
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Cell Properties

电池特性

Part of the cell theory is that all life is composed of cells. The description of life can be approached from the point of view of describing the properties of cells. This illustration follows Karp's organization of cell properties.

细胞理论的一部分是所有生命都由细胞组成。可以从描述细胞性质的角度来探讨生命。这一说明遵循Karp对细胞性质的组织方式。
Comparison of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
真核细胞与原核细胞的比较
Cell Types
细胞类型
 Index

Cell Concepts

Reference
Karp
Ch 1


索引细胞概念参考Karp第1章
 
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