Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Basic Gates

基本逻辑门
This is an active graphic. Click on any of the gates for further information.


Negative Logic Versions
负逻辑版本
Truth tables for logic functions
逻辑函数的真值表
这是一个动态图形。点击任何一个门以获取更多信息。
 Index

Reference:

Diefenderfer & Holton, Ch 11

Horowitz & Hill, Ch 8



Wiki

Electronics concepts

Digital Circuits
索引参考：Diefenderfer & Holton，第11章；Horowitz & Hill，第8章；Wiki电子概念数字电路
 
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Negative Logic Gates

负逻辑门
Each of the basic gates has a negative logic equivalent as shown. The equivalence is shown by the application of DeMorgan's theorem. It amounts to changing AND's to OR's or vice versa and inverting all input and output lines compared to the implementation in gates shown at left.
Basic Gates
基本逻辑门
每个基本门都有对应的负逻辑等效形式，如图所示。这种等效性通过应用德摩根定理来展示。它相当于将AND门转换为OR门或反之，并将所有输入和输出线与图中所示门的实现相比进行取反。
 Index

Reference:

Diefenderfer & Holton, Ch 11

Tocci,
Sec 3-13

Electronics concepts

Digital Circuits
索引参考：Diefenderfer & Holton，第11章 Tocci，第3-13节 电子概念 数字电路
 
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HyperPhysics ***** 电磁学
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