Holography Laboratory

Equipment: Holography

设备：全息技术

Holography Kit from Metrologic
来自Metrologic的全息套件
Film from Photocopy Warehouse, Agfa 8E75NAH-HD
Photocopy Warehouse Film, Agfa 8E75NAH-HD
Developing chemicals from Photographers Formulary.
开发摄影显影剂从摄影师手册。
Lab helium-neon laser. Mounting hardware from cabinets in SC140 for mounting on optical table.
实验室氦氖激光器。从SC140机柜中获取硬件用于安装在光学平台上。
2ea 3x5" glass plates, four small black paper clamps.
2块3.5英寸的玻璃板，4个小型黑色纸夹。

Equipment wish list:

2 each 8mm focal length double convex lenses
2个焦距为8mm的双凸透镜
2 each plastic hemostats
2个塑料止血钳
2 each high quality first surface mirrors
两个高质量的第一表面镜
1 each good quality beam splitter
1 每个高质量的分束器

设备清单：

索引

HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 3901 ***** 全息术

Example of hologram and procedure

Direct Beam Reflection Hologram

直接光束反射全息图

General considerations: The beamspread should be made slightly larger than the film. The gaussian distribution of the light puts most of the light in the central two-thirds of the beam. The object should be placed close to the film. The closer to the film, the brighter they will appear in the finished hologram. The beam intensity should be about the same from the two sides of the film, so best results are obtained with reflective objects.

Sample Procedure

样品程序

Basic setup of equipment

基本设备布置

Sample hologram 示例全息图	Object and film 物体与胶片	Adjusting beam 调整光束	Beam spreader 光束扩散器
Sample hologram 示例全息图	Mounting laser 安装激光器	Mounting film 装片	Developing 发展

全息图示例及操作步骤

一般考虑：光束的发散应略大于胶片。光的高斯分布使大部分光集中在光束的中央两 thirds 部分。物体应放置在胶片附近。离胶片越近，在最终的全息图中看起来越亮。光束的强度应从胶片的两侧大致相同，因此使用反射物体可以获得最佳效果。

索引

HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 3901 ***** 全息术

Sample Procedure, Direct Beam

直接束示例程序

1. Turn HeNe laser on. Good to have about 30 min to warm up. Set up shutter and center object in beam. Spread of beam should not be too tight, since there is a tendency to burn the film in the center of the beam.
打开HeNe激光器。最好有约30分钟的时间预热。安装快门并将物体置于光束中心。光束的扩散不应太紧，因为光束中心容易烧焦胶片。
2. Mix chemicals while laser warms up.
2. 混合化学物质的同时，激光加热起来。
3. Set up shot. Object can be held in modeling clay.
3. 安装目标。目标可以固定在仿真泥中。
4. Set up film plate in dark. Place glass plates on paper towel, squeeze together with film sandwiched. Film and plate will adhere, and air can be squeezed out. Use clips to hold plate set together.
将胶片板放在黑暗中。将玻璃板放在纸巾上，将胶片夹在中间并压紧。胶片和板会粘合，空气会被挤出。用夹子固定板组。
5. Position film. The plate was placed 2-3mm in front of the object (i.e., between the object and the laser.)
位置片。胶片放置在物体前2-3mm处（即在物体和激光之间。）
6. Expose for 2-3 seconds, depending upon reflectivity. A simple card shutter was used.
7. Film to developer (2 min). Wash (3 min). Bleach until clear. Wash (3 min). Photo-flo 1-2 min, no wash. Hang to dry.
7. 显影（2分钟）。冲洗（3分钟）。显影至清晰。冲洗（3分钟）。Photo-flo 1-2分钟，不冲洗。晾干。

根据反射性暴露2-3秒。使用了简单的卡片快门。

索引

HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 3901 ***** 全息术

Holography Setup, Direct Beam Reflection

全息装置，直接光反射

This is the setup used for a direct beam reflection hologram. The laser, diverging lens, and object are shown. The film, sandwiched between glass plates, is mounted in the clamps visible directly in front of the object. A 3x5 card was used as a shutter.

这是用于直接光束反射全息图的装置。图中显示了激光、发散透镜和物体。胶片被夹在两块玻璃板之间，固定在物体前方可见的夹具中。使用了一张3x5的卡片作为快门。

索引

HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 3901 ***** 全息术

Direct Beam Transmission Hologram

直射光透射全息图

General considerations: This kind of hologram has greater depth of field than the reflection hologram so that objects may extend further from the film. A disadvantage is that most of the scene is backlighted and will be in shadow. A laser is required to view the transmission hologram. The emulsion side of the film should face the object. Make sure no shadow of the object falls on the film.

Basic setup of equipment

基本设备布置

一般考虑：这种全息图比反射全息图有更大的景深，因此物体可以离胶片更远。缺点是大部分场景会被背光照明，处于阴影中。要观察传输全息图，需要使用激光。胶片的乳剂面应朝向物体。确保物体的阴影不会落在胶片上。

索引

HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 3901 ***** 全息术

One Mirror Transmission Hologram

单镜传输全息图

General Considerations: This process allows front illumination of the object, an advantage over the direct beam method. The light from the mirror should be 3 to 4 times brighter than the light from the object at the film.

一般考虑：这一过程允许对物体进行前照明，这优于直接光束法。镜子发出的光应比物体在胶片上的光强3到4倍。

索引

HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 3901 ***** 全息术

Holography References

全息参考

T. H. Jeong and C. H. Knowles, Holography Using a Helium-Neon Laser, Metrologic Instruments Inc., 1991. Has diagrams of multiple methods for producing holograms.
T. H. Jeong 和 C. H. Knowles，使用氦-氖激光的全息术，Metrologic Instruments Inc., 1991。包含多种制作全息图的方法示意图。
F. Unterseher, J. Hansen, B. Schlesinger, Holography Handbook, Ross Books, 1982
F. Unterseher, J. Hansen, B. Schlesinger, 激光全息手册, Ross Books, 1982
J. Iovine, Homade Holograms, Tab Books, 1990
J. Iovine，Homade 照片胶片，便签书，1990
Y. I. Ostrovsky, M. M. Butusov, G. B. Ostrovskaya, Interferometry by Holography, New York 1980
Y. I. Ostrovsky, M. M. Butusov, G. B. Ostrovskaya, 通过全息进行干涉测量，1980年，纽约
Y. I. Ostrovsky, Holography and Its Application, Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1977
Y. I. Ostrovsky, 光全息及其应用，Mir 出版社，莫斯科，1977

索引

HyperPhysics ***** 物理学 3901 ***** 全息术