Timpani Details
低音鼓细节
The round head of a timpani can vibrate in a large number of vibrational modes. The fundamental is not generally used in music; it is highly damped and does not produce as pleasing a sound as some other modes. When the head is struck a few inches from the rim, the timpani's fundamental mode is not excited. The player tries to excite the preferred modes 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 . The head is struck about halfway to three quarters of the way out from the center. This is near the nodal line of several of the modes which minimizes their contribution to the sound. The actual sounded frequencies are further affected in a significant way by air damping to finally produce the sequence of frequencies actually heard from the instrument.
定音鼓的鼓面可以振动出许多种振动模式。基频通常不用于音乐；它被强烈阻尼，产生的声音不如其他某些模式那么悦耳。当鼓面被击打在离边缘几英寸的位置时，定音鼓的基频模式不会被激发。演奏者试图激发首选的模式11、21、31、41、51、61。鼓面被击打在离中心点约一半到四分之三的位置。这接近几个模式的节点线，从而最小化这些模式对声音的贡献。实际发出的频率还受到空气阻尼的显著影响，最终产生从乐器发出的实际频率序列。
By contrast, the snare drum is struck in the center and only excites the 01, 02, 03, modes (Sundberg, The Science of Sounds p91)
相比之下，定音鼓是在中心敲击的，只激发01、02、03这些模态（Sundberg, The Science of Sounds p91）
The pedal connects to the lugs which control the tension in the membrane. Early timpani had calfskin heads. Modern timpani heads are usually made of mylar.
踏板连接到控制膜片张力的铆钉。早期的定音鼓鼓面使用的是牛皮。现代的定音鼓鼓面通常由我的尔（Mylar）制成。
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