Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Ballistic Pendulum

弹体 pendulum
The ballistic pendulum is a classic example of a dissipative collision in which conservation of momentum can be used for analysis, but conservation of energy during the collision cannot be invoked because the energy goes into inaccessible forms such as internal energy. After the collision, conservation of energy can be used in the swing of the combined masses upward, since the gravitational potential energy is conservative.
Calculation
计算
弹道 pendulum 是一个典型的耗散碰撞例子，在这种碰撞中可以利用动量守恒进行分析，但不能引用能量守恒，因为能量转化为不可达的形式，如内能。碰撞后，可以利用能量守恒来分析复合质量的摆动，因为重力势能是保守的。
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索引 碰撞概念
 
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Ballistic Pendulum

弹体 pendulum
In the back courtyard of the munitions factory hung an old, scarred block of wood. As quality control for the cartridges coming off the assembly line, someone would regularly take a gun to the courtyard and fire a bullet into the block. Measuring the height of the swing revealed the speed of the bullet, but since the block was increasing in mass with the added bullets, the mass of the block had to be checked as well as the mass of the bullet being fired.
在弹药厂后院挂着一块旧木块，上面布满伤痕。为了对从装配线上下来的子弹进行质量控制，有人会定期将枪带到后院，将子弹射入木块。测量木块摆动的高度可以确定子弹的速率，但由于木块随着射入的子弹不断增加质量，因此还需要检查木块和被射出的子弹的质量。

If a bullet of mass m = grams

如果一颗子弹的质量为 m = 克
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：mb。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

and a muzzle velocity u = m/s = km/h = mi/h

并且枪口速度 u = m/s = km/h = mi/h
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：u 2：uk 3：uc。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

is fired into a block of mass M = grams

被发射入一个质量为M的块中（单位：克）
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：mbl。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

then the velocity of the block and bullet after the impact would be

然后块和子弹碰撞后的速度会是

v = m/s = km/h = mi/h

v = m/s = km/h = mi/h（专名或术语）
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：v 2：vk 3：vc。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

and the combination of block and bullet would swing above its original height by an amount

块与子弹的组合将会上升到原来高度以上一定高度

h = m = cm = ft.

h = m = cm = ft.（专名或术语）
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：h 2：hk 3：hc。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

Comments on calculation: If a value for the velocity of the bullet, u, or either of the masses is entered, the velocity v after the collision and the height of swing is calculated. If either the velocity v after the collision or the height h is entered, then the other values will be calculated presuming the current values of the masses. A value of g = 9.8 m/s2 is assumed in the calculation.

计算说明：如果输入了子弹的速度u或其中任何一个质量，那么碰撞后的速度v以及摆动的高度将被计算。如果输入了碰撞后的速度v或高度h，那么其他值将根据当前质量的值进行计算。计算中假设重力加速度g = 9.8 m/s²。
Further discussion
进一步讨论
 Index

Collision concepts
索引 碰撞概念
 
HyperPhysics***** Mechanics
力学
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