Acid-Base Reactions

酸碱反应

When an acid and a base are placed together, they react to neutralize the acid and base properties, producing a salt. The H(+) cation of the acid combines with the OH(-) anion of the base to form water. The compound formed by the cation of the base and the anion of the acid is called a salt. The combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide produces common table salt, NaCl:

当酸和碱混合在一起时，它们会发生反应，中和酸和碱的性质，生成盐。酸的H(+)阳离子与碱的OH(-)阴离子结合生成水。由碱的阳离子和酸的阴离子组成的化合物称为盐。盐酸与氢氧化钠的反应生成常见的食盐，NaCl：

The word salt is a general term which applies to the products of all such acid-base reactions.

‘盐’这个词是一个通用术语，适用于所有此类酸碱反应的产物。

Acid and Base Properties

酸和碱的性质

Substances have long been classified as acids or bases according to some general properties which are summarized below. Their reactions with each other produce salts.

物质长期以来根据一些普遍性质被分类为酸或碱，总结如下。它们相互反应生成盐。

Acid Properties:

酸的性质：

When dissolved in water, acids

Conduct electricity
导电
Change blue litmus to red
将蓝色石蕊变红
Have a sour taste
有酸味
React with bases to neutralize their properties
与碱反应以中和其性质
React with active metals to liberate hydrogen.
与活性金属反应以释放氢气。

当溶于水时，酸

Base Properties:

基本性质：

When dissolved in water, bases

Conduct electricity
导电
Change red litmus to blue
将红色石蕊试纸变为蓝色
Have a slippery feeling
有滑腻的感觉
React with acids to neutralize their properties.
与酸反应以中和其性质

当溶于水时，碱