Electron Affinities of the Main-Group Elements*主族元素的电子亲和能*
The electron affinity is a measure of the energy change when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion. For example, when a neutral chlorine atom in the gaseous form picks up an electron to form a Cl- ion, it releases an energy of 349 kJ/mol or 3.6 eV/atom. It is said to have an electron affinity of -349 kJ/mol and this large number indicates that it forms a stable negative ion. Small numbers indicate that a less stable negative ion is formed. Groups VIA and VIIA in the periodic table have the largest electron affinities. 电子亲和能是中性原子获得一个电子形成负离子时能量变化的度量。例如，当气态的中性氯原子获得一个电子形成Cl⁻离子时，会释放出349 kJ/mol或3.6 eV/atom的能量。它被说具有-349 kJ/mol的电子亲和能，这个大的数值表明它能形成稳定的负离子。小数值则表明形成的负离子不够稳定。元素周期表中VIA和VIIA族具有最大的电子亲和能。
* Alkali earth elements (Group IIA) and noble gases (Group VIIIA) do not form stable negative ions. 碱土元素（第IIA族）和惰性气体（第VIIA族）不形成稳定的负离子。
电子亲和能（单位：kJ/摩尔） 电子伏特 1 kJ/mol = 0.010364 eV/原子 |
Index Tables Reference Ebbing Sec 8.5 索引表 参考 Ebbing 第8.5节 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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