DNA

The central dogma is a framework for understanding the information transfer between the large information-carrying biological molecules. The detailed information stored in the form of the sequence of bases on DNA can be transferred by means of RNA polymerase to messenger RNA by transcription and from the mRNA to proteins by translation. Information in DNA can be transferred back to DNA by means of DNA polymerase in the process of DNA replication. However, information is not transferred backward from proteins to RNA and DNA and in the general case, information is not transferred from RNA back to DNA. However, there are exceptions of special transfers from RNA to DNA called reverse transcription. The word "dogma" was chosen by Francis Crick to describe this framework of information transfer because, as he puts it "I had already used the obvious word hypothesis in the sequence hypothesis, and in addition I wanted to suggest that this new assumption was more central and more powerful".

中心法则是一个用于理解生物大分子之间信息传递的框架。DNA中以碱基序列形式存储的详细信息可以通过RNA聚合酶转录到信使RNA，再通过翻译传递到蛋白质。信息也可以通过DNA聚合酶在DNA复制过程中从DNA传递回DNA。然而，信息通常不会从蛋白质传递回RNA或DNA，除非在一般情况下。然而，存在例外情况，即从RNA到DNA的特殊传递称为逆转录。弗朗西斯·克里克选择使用“法则”一词来描述这个信息传递的框架，因为他曾用“假设”一词来描述序列假设，此外他还想表明这个新假设更为根本和强大。

Though a useful organizing structure, the "central dogma" has numerous exceptions. For example, retroviruses use "reverse transcription" to construct DNA from RNA. In general, not every gene gets expressed all the way to the construction of proteins. Some RNAs have other tasks to do, such as the ribosomal RNA and other specifically tasked RNAs with specific tasks in the cell.

尽管是一个有用的组织结构，‘中心法则’也有许多例外。例如，逆转录病毒利用‘逆转录’来从RNA构建DNA。一般来说，并不是每个基因都会完全表达到蛋白质的构建过程中。一些RNA有其他任务，例如核糖体RNA和其他专门承担特定任务的RNA在细胞中具有特定功能。

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology