Lactate
乳酸
Lactate is produced in the process of fermentation in cells. When there is not sufficient oxygen to support aerobic respiration in cells, the anaerobic respiration process produces lactate and ethanol. 乳酸是在细胞发酵过程中产生的。当细胞中缺乏足够的氧气以支持有氧呼吸时，厌氧呼吸过程会生成乳酸和乙醇。 If the lactate cannot be used in the cell where it is produced, it may be transferred to the liver and be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis as part of the Cori cycle. With sufficient oxygen, lactate may be oxidized back to pyruvate in muscle cells, heart cells, and brain cells. It may then be directly used in the TCA cycle. "During physical activity, up to 60% of the heart muscle's energy turnover rate derives from lactate oxidation."(wiki) 如果乳酸不能在产生它的细胞中被利用，它可能会被转移到肝脏，并通过糖异生作用转化为葡萄糖，作为科里循环的一部分。在有足够氧气的情况下，乳酸可能在肌肉细胞、心肌细胞和脑细胞中被氧化回丙酮酸。它随后可以直接用于TCA循环。‘在体力活动期间，心脏肌肉的能量周转率中，多达60%来源于乳酸氧化。’（wiki） |  |
 | Lactic acid. Lactate is the conjugate base of lactic acid. 乳酸。乳酸根是乳酸的共轭碱 |
| Lactic acid Wiki
乳酸维基 |
Biochemical concepts
Chemistry concepts
References
Matthews, van Holde, & Ahern
Ch 16
索引 生物化学概念 化学概念 参考文献 Matthews, van Holde, & Ahern 第16章
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