Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Phospholipids

磷脂

Phospholipids make up an important class of lipids for the construction of cell membranes. The phospholipids are not "true fats" because they have one of the fatty acids replaced by a phosphate group.

磷脂是构成细胞膜的重要一类脂类。磷脂不是真正的脂肪，因为其中一种脂肪酸被磷酸基团取代。

This sketch of a phospholipid molecule shows two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone. Stearic acid is shown as the fatty acid, but there are many variations in the fatty acids.

这张磷脂分子的示意图显示了两个脂肪酸和一个磷酸基团连接在甘油骨架上。所展示的脂肪酸是硬脂酸，但脂肪酸的种类有很多变化。

In sketching cell membrane structures, a phospholipid molecule is often represented by an icon like the above with the top part representing the polar phosphorous-containing part and the two extensions representing the fatty acids.

在绘制细胞膜结构时，磷脂分子通常用如上所示的图标表示，其中顶部部分代表含磷的极性部分，两侧的延伸部分代表脂肪酸。

Phospholipids tend to arrange themselves into double-layered membranes with the water-soluble phosphate ends on the outside and the fatty acide extensions on the inside.

磷脂倾向于自身排列成双层膜，水溶性的磷酸基团位于外侧，脂肪酸链则位于内侧。
"If phospholipid molecules are shaken in a glass of water, the molecules will automatically form double-layered membranes. It is important to understand that the membrane formed is not rigid or stiff but resembles a heavy olive oil in consistency. The component phospholipids are in constant motion as they move with the surrounding water molecules and slide past one another." (Enger & Ross, Ch 4)

如果在一杯水中摇动磷脂分子，这些分子会自动形成双层膜。重要的是要理解，形成的膜并不僵硬或刚性，其质地类似于重油。磷脂分子在周围水分子的带动下不断运动，并相互滑动。
 Index

Biochemical concepts

Chemistry concepts

Reference
Enger & Ross
Ch 3,4
索引 生物化学概念 化学概念 参考 enger & Ross 第3、4章
 
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