Cerium
铈
As a member of the fourteen member lanthanide series, this element has few properties which distinguish it from the other members of the series. All of them along with lanthanum, yttrium, and scandium occur in very small quantities in nature. The usual source is the mineral monazite, or monazite sand, which is a mixture of phosphates containing also some thorium phosphate. Minerals that contain cerium along with lanthanum are Parisite, bastnaesite, and allanite. Cerium is also found in the mineral hibonite. Cerium appears in the silicate mineral joaquinite and the oxide mineral euxenite. It appears with uranium and yttrium in samarskite.
作为镧系元素中14种成员之一，该元素的性质与其他成员差别不大。它们与镧、钇和钪一样，在自然界中含量都很低。通常的来源是矿物独居石，或独居石砂，它是一种含磷酸盐的混合物，其中也含有少量的钍磷酸盐。含有铈和镧的矿物有巴黎石、bastnaesite和allanite。铈也出现在矿物hibonite中。铈出现在硅酸盐矿物joaquinite和氧化物矿物euxenite中。它还与铀和钇一起出现在samarskite中。
An alloy of about 70% cerium and smaller amounts of the other lanthanons and iron has the property of giving off sparks when scratched. It is widely used in gas lighters and igniters.
一种含约70%铈和少量其他镧系元素及铁的合金，具有被刮擦时发出火花的性质。它广泛用于气体打火机和点火装置。
Cerium monosulfide, CeS, is very hard and has a high melting temperature (2450°C), so it has found use in making refractory vessels.
铈单硫化物（CeS）非常坚硬，熔点很高（2450°C），因此被用于制造耐火容器。
Cerium has been used in the manufacture of mantles for gas lanterns. The fabric of the mantles is saturated with thorium nitrate and cerium nitrate. The burning of the mantles leaves a residue of thorium and cerium dioxides. This residue glows with a brilliant white luminescence when heated to a high temperature by the gas flame. The presence of the thorium makes these mantles slightly radioactive, so recent mantles have replaced these oxides with other illuminants.
铈曾用于制造煤气灯的灯罩。灯罩的织物被饱和了钍硝酸盐和铈硝酸盐。灯罩燃烧后留下钍和铈的氧化物残渣。当被煤气火焰加热至高温时，这种残渣会发出明亮的白光。由于含有钍，这些灯罩略带放射性，因此最近的灯罩已改用其他照明剂代替这些氧化物。
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