Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版:英文原文完整保留,中文紧随对应单元;术语采用 v20260916 确认表,自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Single Slit Diffraction

单缝衍射

Variation with wavelength and slit width

波长和缝宽的变化

Light which passes through a narrow slit does not produce a sharp, geometrical shadow which images the slit, but a distributed pattern of light intensity produced by diffraction.

通过狭缝的光不会产生一个清晰的几何阴影来映射狭缝,而是产生由衍射引起的光强分布模式。

These diagrams are conceptual only - they are approximately scaled with visible color and slit width.

这些图只是概念性的 - 它们大致按比例绘制,有可见的颜色和缝宽。
Illustration of variation with slit width
狭缝宽度变化的示意图
Index

Diffraction concepts

Fraunhofer diffraction

Fraunhofer intensity concepts
索引 衍射概念 夫琅禾费衍射 夫琅禾费光强概念
 
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Single Slit Approximations

单缝近似

The usual approach to single slit diffraction uses the small angle approximation. There are circumstances in which this approximation needs to be examined.

单缝衍射的常规处理方法使用小角度近似。在某些情况下,这种近似需要进行检验。

Examining the first minimum from the single slit gives

Solving this for y gives:

解这个方程可得:

compared to the usual approximation :

与通常的近似相比:
考察单缝的第一个极小值

For a slit of width a = micrometers = x10^ m

对于宽度为 a = 微米 = x10^ m 的狭缝
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:a 2:ab 3:ap。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

and light wavelength λ = nm for first order, m=1
且一级光谱线的波长 λ = nm
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:w。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

on a screen at distance D = cm

在距离D = cm的屏幕上
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:d。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

the direct geometrical solution for the first minimum of intensity gives

直接几何解法给出第一强度极小值

cm.
厘米。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:y。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

The usual approximation gives
通常近似给出
= cm
= 厘米
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:y2。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

For the parameters given, the deviation is %.

对于给定的参数,偏差为%。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:dev。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
Index

Diffraction concepts

Fraunhofer diffraction

Fraunhofer intensity concepts
索引 衍射概念 夫琅禾费衍射 夫琅禾费光强概念
 
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