Spectral Colors

光谱颜色

In a rainbow or the separation of colors by a prism we see the continuous range of spectral colors (the visible spectrum). A spectral color is composed of a single wavelength and can be correlated with wavelength as shown in the chart below (a general guide and not a precise statement about color). It is safe enough to say that monochromatic light like the helium-neon laser is red (632 nm) or that the 3-2 transition from the hydrogen spectrum is red (656 nm) because they fall in the appropriate wavelength range. But most colored objects give off a range of wavelengths and the characterization of color is much more than the statement of wavelength. Perceived colors can be mapped on a chromaticity diagram.

在彩虹或通过棱镜分离颜色时，我们看到的是连续的光谱颜色（可见光谱）。一种光谱颜色由单一波长组成，如图所示（这是一般指导，而非关于颜色的精确陈述）。可以安全地说，像氦-氖激光这样的单色光是红色（632 nm），或者氢谱中3-2跃迁产生的光是红色（656 nm），因为它们落在适当的波长范围内。但大多数有色物体发出的是一系列波长，颜色的特性远不止是波长的陈述。感知到的颜色可以映射到色度图上。

Please note that the above is a very qualitative depiction of the colors associated with different wavelengths of light - it is not a precise colorimetry document.

请注意，上述内容是对不同波长的光所对应颜色的非常粗略的描述——它并不是一份精确的颜色测量文档。

Index

Vision concepts

Color vision

Visible spectrum

索引视觉概念色觉可见光谱

HyperPhysics***** Light and Vision

HyperPhysics ***** 光与视觉

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Color

颜色

It is common practice to define pure colors in terms of the wavelengths of light as shown. This works well for spectral colors but it is found that many different combinations of light wavelengths can produce the same perception of color.

通常习惯将纯色定义为光的波长，如图所示。这种方法对于光谱色来说效果良好，但发现许多不同组合的光波长可以产生相同的色彩感知。

This progression from left to right is from long wavelength to short wavelength, and from low frequency to high frequency light. The wavelengths are commonly expressed in nanometers (1 nm = 10^-9 m). The visible spectrum is roughly from 700 nm (red end) to 400 nm (violet end). The letter I in the sequence above is for indigo - no longer commonly used as a color name. It is included above strictly for the reason of making the sequence easier to say as a mnemonic, like a person's name: Roy G. Biv - a tradition in the discussion of color. The University of Walkato posts a suggested set of characteristic wavelengths to associate with the colors.

从左到右的这个序列是从长波长到短波长，从低频率到高频率的光。波长通常以纳米（1 nm = 10⁻⁹ m）表示。可见光谱大致从700 nm（红色端）到400 nm（紫色端）。序列中的字母I代表靛蓝——不再常用作颜色名称。它被包含在这里是为了使这个序列更容易记忆，就像一个人的名字：Roy G. Biv——这是在讨论颜色时的传统。沃克托大学（University of Walkato）发布了一组建议的特征波长，以与颜色相关联。

Wavelengths for ROYGBIV ROYGBIV波长
Violet 紫光	400nm 400纳米
Indigo 靛蓝	425nm 425纳米
Blue 蓝色	470nm 470纳米
Green 绿色	550nm 550纳米
Yellow 黄色	600nm 600纳米
Orange 橙色	630nm 630纳米
Red 红	665nm 665纳米

The inherently distinguishable characteristics of color are hue, saturation, and brightness. Color measurement systems characterize colors in various parameters which relate to hue, saturation, and brightness. They include the subjective Munsell and Ostwald systems and the quantitative CIE color system.

颜色固有的可区分特性包括色相、饱和度和明度。颜色测量系统通过各种参数来表征颜色，这些参数与色相、饱和度和明度有关。它们包括主观的Munsell和Ostwald系统以及定量的CIE颜色系统。