Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版:英文原文完整保留,中文紧随对应单元;术语采用 v20260916 确认表,自动语义审校结果可追溯。

The Pleiades

Pleiades

The Pleiades (credit NASA, ESA, AURA/Caltech, Digitized Sky Survey )

A familiar example of what is called an "open cluster" is the Pleiades , or Seven Sisters which can be seen with the naked eye. When a Hertzprung-Russell diagram (H-R diagram) is done for this cluster, stars of all colors (spectral classes) are seen. The stars spread out along the main sequence with an excess of hot B-type (young) stars. None of the stars has migrated off the main sequence to the red giant phase. All this is consistent with the cluster being relatively young, since the O and B type stars are short-lived. An age of 25 million years or less is estimated. Containing about 3000 stars, the Pleiades cluster is about 135 pc or 440 light years from the Sun and spans about 4 pc.

一个典型的‘开放星团’的例子是 Pleiades,或称七姐妹,可以用肉眼看到。当为这个星团绘制赫罗图(H-R 图)时,可以看到各种颜色(光谱型)的恒星。这些恒星沿主序带分布,且有较多的高温 B 型(年轻)恒星。没有一颗恒星迁移到红巨星阶段。所有这些都与星团相对年轻一致,因为 O 和 B 型恒星寿命较短。估计年龄为 2500 万年或更少。包含约 3000 颗恒星,Pleiades 星团距离太阳约 135 pc 或 440 光年,跨度约 4 pc。

Reference: Hubble refines distance to Pleiades star cluster.

Varieties of galaxies
星系的种类
参考:哈勃对 Pleiades 星团的距离进行了修正。
星团 Pleiades(资料来源:NASA, ESA, AURA/Caltech, Digitized Sky Survey )
Index

Galaxy concepts

Reference
Chaisson & McMillan
Ch 17
索引 宇宙概念 参考 Chaisson & McMillan 第17章
 
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