Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版:英文原文完整保留,中文紧随对应单元;术语采用 v20260916 确认表,自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Viscosity of Gases

气体的粘性

The viscosity of a gas can be thought of as a measure of its resistance to flow and is measured in the CGS unit Poise = dyne sec/cm2. The viscosity of gases near room temperature are in the centiPoise range, so that is a commonly used unit. Gas viscosity is only weakly dependent on pressure near atmospheric pressure. It is primarily a function of temperature, and can be modeled in terms of temperature with the input of experimental reference measurements. Note that as an engineering quantity, the temperatures used are in the Rankine scale.

气体的粘度可以看作是其流动阻力的度量,其单位是CGS单位泊(Poise)=达因秒/厘米²。在室温附近,气体的粘度在厘泊(centiPoise)范围内,因此这是一个常用的单位。气体粘度在接近大气压的情况下对压力的依赖很弱。它主要取决于温度,并可以通过温度来建模,同时需要实验参考测量作为输入。需要注意的是,作为工程量,使用的温度单位是拉氏温标(Rankine scale)。

Gas viscosity can be modeled by Sutherland's formula:

气体粘度可以用Sutherland公式来建模:

Since Sutherland's formula is an empirical fit of measured data, the following table of reference data is needed.

Gas
气体
Sutherland's
constant C
Sutherland常数 C
T0
°R
μ0
centiPoise
μ₀ 厘泊
standard air
标准空气
120
524.07
0.01827
ammonia, NH3
氨,NH₃
370
527.67
0.00982
carbon dioxide, CO2
二氧化碳,CO₂
240
527.67
0.01480
carbon monoxide, CO
一氧化碳,CO
118
518.67
0.01720
hydrogen, H2
氢气,H₂
72
528.93
0.00876
nitrogen, N2
氮气,N₂
111
540.99
0.01781
oxygen, O2
氧气,O₂
127
526.05
0.02018
sulfur dioxide, SO2
二氧化硫
416
528.57
0.01254

For temperature T=K = C =F =R ,

对于温度 T = K = C = F = R ,
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:t 2:tc 3:tf 4:tr。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

a gas with reference viscosity μ0 = centiPoise,

reference temperature T0 = Rankine,

参考温度 T₀ = 拉氏温度,
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:t0。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
参考粘度为μ₀的气体,
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:m0。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

and Sutherland's constant C =

以及萨瑟兰常数 C =
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:c。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

should have a viscosity μ = centiPoise.

应具有粘度 μ = 滞后泊斯。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:mu。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
由于Sutherland公式是基于测量数据的经验拟合,因此需要以下参考数据表。

References:

参考文献:

Gas viscosity calculator

气体粘度计算器

For gas viscosity: Chemical Rubber Company (CRC). 1984. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Weast, Robert C., editor. 65th edition. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida. USA.

对于气体粘度:化学橡胶公司(CRC)。1984。《化学与物理手册》。罗伯特·C·韦斯特编辑。第65版。CRC出版社,美国佛罗里达州博卡罗顿。

For Sutherland's formula and values for : Crane Company. 1988. Flow of fluids through valves, fittings, and pipe. Technical Paper No. 410 (TP 410)

对于Sutherland公式及数值:Crane公司. 1988. 流体通过阀门、管件和管道的流动。技术论文编号410(TP 410)
Mean free path related to viscosity
与粘度相关的平均自由程
Index

Gas law concepts

Kinetic theory concepts
索引 气体定律概念 气体动理论概念
 
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