Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版:英文原文完整保留,中文紧随对应单元;术语采用 v20260916 确认表,自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Motion in a Vertical Circle

垂直圆周运动

The motion of a mass on a string in a vertical circle includes a number of mechanical concepts. It must satisfy the constraints of centripetal force to remain in a circle, and must satisfy the demands of conservation of energy as gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy when the mass moves downward. The velocity must increase as the mass moves downward from the top of the circle, subject to the constraints stated.

在竖直圆周上摆动的物体包含了许多力学概念。它必须满足向心力的约束以保持在圆周上,同时必须满足能量守恒的条件,因为当物体向下运动时,重力势能会转化为动能。物体向下运动时,速度必须增加,受上述约束的影响。

For a mass moving in a vertical circle of radius r = m,

对于质量为 m 的物体在半径为 r 的竖直圆周上运动时,
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:r。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

if we presume that the string stays taut, then the minimum speed for the mass at the top of the circle is (for g = 9.8 m/s2)

如果我们假设绳子始终绷紧,那么圆周上质量的最小速度为(其中 g = 9.8 m/s²)

m/s

This is the condition for "weightlessness" in any curved motion in a vertical plane. For any velocity above this minimum, we can use conservation of energy to relate the velocity at the bottom of the circle to the velocity at the top.

这是曲面内任何曲线运动中‘失重’的条件。对于任何超过此最小速度的情况,我们可以利用能量守恒将圆周运动底部的速度与顶部的速度联系起来。

For a velocity at the top vtop = m/s

在顶部的速度为 v_top = m/s
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:vt。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

the velocity at the bottom is vbottom = m/s

底部的速度是 v_bottom = m/s
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:vb。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

Using the centrifugal force conditions, the tension at the bottom can be related to the tension at the top:

利用离心力条件,底部的张力可以与顶部的张力相关联:

For a mass m = kg,

对于质量 m = kg,
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:m。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

the tension at the top of the circle is Ttop = Newtons.

圆周顶部的张力为 T_top = 牛顿。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:tt。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

The corresponding tension at the bottom of the circle is Tbottom = Newtons.

圆周底部的张力为 T bottom = 牛顿。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:tb。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
Index

Rotational motion
索引旋转运动
 
HyperPhysics***** Mechanics
力学
R Nave
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计算模块中未附着于文字的输入框:
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应:1:vmin。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。