索引
| HyperPhysics***** Nuclear
HyperPhysics ***** 核物理 | R Nave |
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Meet the Millirem认识毫雷姆
毫雷姆是吸收辐射剂量的单位。
A person would get this amount of radiation from
一个人会因此增加毫雷姆的辐射剂量： |
Index Radiation exposure examples Reference Cohen, Bernard 索引 辐射暴露示例 参考 Cohen, Bernard | ||
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Meet the Millirem认识毫雷姆
毫雷姆是吸收辐射剂量的单位。
The risk of one millirem of radiation dose is a 1 in 8 million risk of dying of cancer if large dose effects extrapolate linearly to zero dose. 接受1毫雷姆辐射剂量带来的风险是，因癌症死亡的风险为1 in 8 million。
The loss in life expectancy from a 1 millirem dose is about 1.2 minutes, equivalent to: 从1毫雷姆剂量中损失的寿命约为1.2分钟，相当于：
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Index Radiation exposure examples Reference Cohen, Bernard 索引 辐射暴露示例 参考 Cohen, Bernard | ||
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Typical Radiation Doses in Millirem毫雷辐射剂量
注意：此列表不包括氡暴露，这可能非常高。 |
Index Radiation exposure examples Reference Nave & Nave, 3rd Ed. 索引 辐射暴露示例 参考 Nave & Nave，第三版 | ||
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Environmental Radiation Exposure环境辐射暴露
U.S. Average Exposure 美国平均暴露量
Note: This does not include radon exposures, which may be very high.
注意：此列表不包括氡暴露，这可能非常高。 |
Index Radiation exposure examples Reference Bushong 索引辐射暴露示例参考Bushong | |||||||||||||
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Press Overreaction to Radiation对辐射的过度反应
 When it became evident in the 70's and 80's that radon exposure in one's own home is probably greater than the radiation exposures which had regularly been trumpeted in headlines, we entered another awkward era in the reporting of radiation issues.
20世纪70年代和80年代，人们逐渐认识到，家中氡暴露的剂量可能比以往新闻中常提到的辐射暴露剂量更高，这使我们进入了辐射问题报道的又一个尴尬时期。 |
Index Radiation exposure examples Reference Cohen 辐射暴露示例索引 参考 Cohen | ||
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Acute Radiation Exposure急性辐射暴露
Effects of Large, Whole-Body Radiation Doses 大剂量全身辐射的影响
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Index Radiation exposure examples Reference Nave & Nave 索引 辐射暴露示例 参考 Nave & Nave | |||||||||||||
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Increased Cancer Risk:Bomb Victims癌症风险增加：原子弹受害者
 Atlanta Journal, Mar 20,1993 pg F1. The increased risk of various types of cancer has been studied extensively among the victims of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear bombs. The study of 120,000 Japanese has led to the relative risk factors shown. The risk appears to be linear with dose. The dose at 1000 meters at Hiroshima is estimated at 4 grays.
对广岛和长崎核爆受害者中各种癌症风险的增加已进行了广泛研究。对12万名日本人的研究导致了所示的相对风险因素。风险似乎与剂量成线性关系。广岛1000米处的剂量估计为4戈瑞。
《亚特兰大纪事报》，1993年3月20日，第F1页。 |
Index Radiation exposure examples 索引 辐射暴露示例 | ||
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki Radiation广岛和长崎辐射
The Nagasaki bomb was an "implosion" device with high explosive wrapped around the plutonium. The violent compression detonated the plutonium, but also absorbed a considerable fraction of the neutrons so that the main flux from the blast was gamma rays. The Hiroshima bomb was a uranium bomb of the gun type and, having no neutron capturing shroud, it produced a much higher neutron flux. There were 140,000 fatalities within four months in Hiroshima and 70,000 in Nagasaki. 长崎原子弹是一种‘内爆’装置，高爆炸药包裹在 plutonium 周围。剧烈的压缩引爆了 plutonium，但也吸收了相当数量的中子，因此主要的辐射来自爆炸的是伽马射线。广岛原子弹是一种枪型铀弹，由于没有中子捕获罩，它产生了更高的中子通量。四个月内，广岛有140,000人丧生，长崎有70,000人丧生。
A 1986 study estimated the neutron dose at 1000 meters from ground zero Hiroshima was 1% of total dose but 15-20% of radiation sickness. New studies of concrete with an accelerator mass spectrometer which measured the chlorine-36 isotope indicate a neutron flux 10 times higher. 1986年的一项研究估计，距离广岛原零点1000米处的中子剂量约为总剂量的1%，但占辐射病的15-20%。使用加速器质谱仪对混凝土进行的新研究，通过测量氯-36同位素表明中子通量是原来的10倍。
The gamma doses were estimated by thermoluminescent dosimetry of roof tiles in the blast areas, but no such test existed for the neutron measurement. 爆炸区的伽马剂量是通过爆破区屋顶瓦片的热发光剂量学测量来估算的，但没有进行此类测试以测量中子。
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Index Radiation exposure examples 索引 辐射暴露示例 | ||
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Correlation between smoking and lung cancer吸烟与肺癌的相关性
 John Cairns, The Cancer Problem, Scientific American 233, Nov 1975, p64 约翰·凯恩斯，《癌症问题》，《科学美国人》233卷，1975年11月，第64页 |
Index Radiation exposure examples 索引 辐射暴露示例 | ||
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