Lewis Diagrams for Compound Formation

化合物形成的路易斯图

The formation of many common compounds can be visualized with the use of Lewis symbols and Lewis diagrams. In a Lewis symbol, the inner closed shells of electrons can be considered as included in chemical symbol for the element, and the outer shell or valence electrons are represented by dots. The dots are placed in four groups of one or two electrons each, with 8 electrons representing a closed shell or noble gas configuration. Lewis diagrams are useful for visualizing both ionic and covalent bonds.

许多常见化合物的形成可以用路易斯符号和路易斯图来可视化。在路易斯符号中，内层闭合壳层的电子可以视为元素化学符号的一部分，而外层电子或价电子则用点表示。这些点按每组1或2个电子排列，8个电子表示一个闭合壳层或惰性气体配置。路易斯图有助于可视化离子键和共价键。

In the idealized ionic bond, one atom gives up an electron to the other, forming positive and negative ions.

在理想化的离子键中，一个原子将电子转移给另一个原子，形成正离子和负离子。

The conditions for bonds are that the total charge is zero and that each atom must have a noble gas electron configuration.

键的条件是总电荷为零，且每个原子必须具有惰性气体的电子构型。

In the idealized covalent bond, two atoms share a pair of electrons, closing the shell for each of them.

在理想的共价键中，两个原子共享一对电子，从而各自完成电子壳层。

The atoms share a pair of electrons, and that pair is referred to as a bonding pair. The pairs of electrons which do not participate in the bond have traditionally been called "lone pairs". A single bond can be represented by the two dots of the bonding pair, or by a single line which represents that pair. The single line representation for a bond is commonly used in drawing Lewis structures for molecules.

原子共享一对电子，这一对电子被称为成键电子对。不参与成键的电子对传统上被称为‘孤对电子’。单键可以用 bonding pair 的两个点表示，也可以用一条线表示。在绘制分子的路易斯结构时，通常使用这条线来表示单键。

Lewis Diagrams for Multiple Bonds

多键的路易斯图

Lewis symbols and Lewis diagrams can be used to describe multiple bonds, but further information must be supplied to account for the three dimensional geometry of the resulting molecules.

路易斯符号和路易斯图可以用来描述多重键，但必须提供更多信息以解释所形成的分子的三维几何结构。

For multiple single bonds, the procedure is similar that for a single bond.

对于多个单键，其处理方法与单键类似。

A single bond can be represented by the two dots of the bonding pair, or by a single line which represents that pair. The single line representation for a bond is commonly used in drawing Lewis structures for molecules.

单键可以用 bonding pair 的两个点来表示，也可以用一条单线来表示，这条线代表该对电子。在绘制分子的 Lewis 结构时，通常使用单线来表示键。

The Lewis structures are useful for visualization, but do not reveal the bent structure for water (105°), the pyramidal shape for ammonia, or the tetrahedral geometry of the methane molecule.

路易斯结构有助于可视化，但无法揭示水分子（105°）的弯曲结构、氨分子的金字塔形状或甲烷分子的四面体几何形状。

The Lewis diagrams can also help visualize double and triple bonds.

路易斯图也可以帮助可视化双键和三键。