Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

DC Series Circuit

直流串联电路

For this series circuit, the voltage law dictates

对于这个串联电路，电压定律规定
VB = V1 + V2 + V3

and the combination of resistors gives

电阻的组合给出
Requivalent = R1 + R2 + R3

In applying Ohm's Law with the battery voltage, you must realize that the battery voltage is applied to the total circuit (all three resistors) and not to any one of them alone. So the entire resistance must be used in Ohm's law to get the current:

在应用欧姆定律时，必须意识到电池电压是施加在整个电路（所有三个电阻）上的，而不是单独施加在任何一个电阻上。因此，在欧姆定律中必须使用整个电阻来计算电流：
V_B = V_1 + V_2 + V_3，R_equivalent = R_1 + R_2 + R_3
For R1 = Ω , R2 = Ω, R3 = Ω,
对于 R 1 = Ω，R 2 = Ω，R 3 = Ω，
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：r1 2：r2 3：r3。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

the equivalent resistance is Requivalent = Ω.
等效电阻是 R 等效 = Ω。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：req。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

For battery voltage VB = V, the current is I = A.
对于电池电压 V_B = V，电流为 I = A。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：vb 2：i。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

Only after the current is determined is it convenient to calculate the individual voltages for the resistors. Applying Ohm's law again for each component gives

只有在电流确定之后，才方便计算各电阻的电压。对每个元件再次应用欧姆定律得到
V1 = V, V2 = V, V3 = V.

The values here should confirm the voltage law, i.e., that the sum of the component voltages must equal the battery voltage.

这里的值应确认电压定律，即各元件电压之和必须等于电池电压。
DC circuit examples
直流电路示例
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HyperPhysics***** Electricity and Magnetism
HyperPhysics ***** 电学和磁学
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计算模块中未附着于文字的输入框：
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：v1 2：v2 3：v3。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。