Magma岩浆
Magma is the term used to describe molten material within the Earth; in simple terms: molten rock. But the molten rock usually contains some suspended crystals or dissolved gases. Igneous rocks form through the crystallization of magma. There is a considerable range of melting temperatures for different compositions of magma. 岩浆是指地球内部的熔融物质；简单来说，就是熔融的岩石。但熔融的岩石通常含有悬浮的晶体或溶解的气体。岩浆的结晶作用形成火成岩。不同岩浆成分的熔融温度范围相当广泛。
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Index Igneous rock concepts Data Reference Lutgens & Tarbuck Ch 3 索引 火成岩概念 数据 参考 Lutgens & Tarbuck 第3章 | ||
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Igneous Rock火成岩
Molten material within the Earth is called magma. In simple terms magma can be thought of as molten rock. When magma cools, it solidifies to form rock which is called "igneous rock". That is deceptively simple, since the solidification process can be very complex. There is a considerable range of melting temperatures for different compositions of magma. Upon cooling from the completely molten state, it is typical for silicon tetrahedra to form first, and they in turn join with each other and other ions to form the nuclei for crystal growth. The minerals with the highest melting points will crystalize first, and their crystal growth may continue unimpeded as long as the surrounding material remains molten. Depending upon the surroundings and the rate of cooling, a great variety of textures and compositions of igneous rock can be formed. When crystallization is complete, the result is a solid mass of interlocking crystals of different sizes. 地球内部的熔融物质称为岩浆。简单来说，岩浆可以看作是熔融的岩石。当岩浆冷却时，会凝固形成称为“岩浆岩”的岩石。这听起来简单，但实际上凝固过程可能非常复杂。不同成分的岩浆具有相当大的熔融温度范围。在从完全熔融状态冷却的过程中，通常首先形成硅氧四面体，它们会与其他离子结合，形成晶体生长的核。熔点最高的矿物会最先结晶，只要周围物质仍保持熔融状态，它们的晶体生长可能可以持续进行。根据周围环境和冷却速度，可以形成多种多样的岩浆岩的纹理和成分。当结晶过程完成时，结果是一个由不同大小晶体相互交织而成的固体物质。
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Index Igneous rock concepts Data Reference Lutgens & Tarbuck Ch 3 索引 火成岩概念 数据 参考 Lutgens & Tarbuck 第3章 | ||
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