Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版:英文原文完整保留,中文紧随对应单元;术语采用 v20260916 确认表,自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Mass Spectrometer Analysis

质谱分析

The image below is a mass spectrometer analysis of the residual gases remaining in a high vacuum system after pumping to a pressure around 10-10 torr and baking at around 150 C. The water, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are commonly the remaining gases in laboratory high vacuum systems. The largest signal was from molecular hydrogen, with a peak height almost three times that of carbon monoxide. The peak at 19 had been puzzling to the experimenters until they had determined that teflon releases some flourine at those temperatures, so the source was apparently the teflon insulation on wires inside the vacuum. The vertical axis shows ion current in 10-7 Amperes.

下图展示的是在高真空系统抽气至约10 -10托尔压力并加热至约150摄氏度后残留气体的质谱仪分析结果。水、一氧化碳和二氧化碳通常是实验室高真空系统中残留的气体。最大的信号来自分子氢,其峰高几乎是二氧化碳的三倍。位于19处的峰曾让实验人员困惑,直到他们确定聚四氟乙烯在该温度下会释放一些氟,因此该信号的来源显然来自真空系统内部电线上的聚四氟乙烯绝缘层。垂直轴显示的是以10 -7安培为单位的离子电流。
Image courtesy of Victor Bellito
图片由Victor Bellito提供
Index

Magnetic field concepts
磁感应强度概念
 
HyperPhysics***** Electricity and Magnetism
HyperPhysics ***** 电学和磁学
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