Emerald

绿玉石

This is the Chalk Emerald, a 37.8 carat emerald from Colombia. Colombia is the major source of emeralds. It is nestled in a cluster of 60 pear-shaped diamonds weighing a total of 15 carats.

这是一颗重37.8克拉的哥伦比亚绿宝石。哥伦比亚是绿宝石的主要来源。它镶嵌在一组共重15克拉的梨形钻石中。

Emerald is a variety of the mineral beryl, which is a silicate of beryllium and aluminum (a cyclosilicate) with the chemical composition Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆.

These specimens are displayed in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History.

这些标本陈列在史密森尼国家自然历史博物馆。

绿宝石是beryl的一种变种，beryl是一种含铍和铝的硅酸盐（环硅酸盐），化学式为Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆。

This is the Mackay Emerald and Diamond Necklace.

这是麦凯祖母绿和钻石项链。

This huge emerald is set in an art deco diamond and platinum pendant. In 1931, Clarence Mackay gave the necklace as a wedding gift to his wife, Anna Case - a prima donna at the New York Metropolitan Opera from 1909 to 1920.

这块巨大的绿宝石镶嵌在艺术装饰风格的钻石和铂金吊坠中。1931年，克莱伦斯·麦凯将这条项链作为结婚礼物送给他的妻子安娜·凯斯——她在1909年至1920年间是纽约大都会歌剧院的首席女高音。

This is the Hooker Emerald Brooch, containing a 75.47 carat emerald from Colombia.

这是霍克尔绿宝石胸针，内含一颗来自哥伦比亚的75.47克拉绿宝石。

Indian Emerald Necklace, Colombia

哥伦比亚的印度绿项链

This art deco, Indian-style necklace features 24 emerald drops of graduated sizes, each adjoined by a smaller emerald bead. All are set in platinum with hundreds of small diamonds.

这款艺术装饰风格的印度式项链由24颗渐变大小的绿松石吊坠组成，每颗都由一颗较小的绿松石珠连接。所有珠饰均镶在铂金中，并点缀着数百颗小钻石。

This is the Inquisition Necklace. It is displayed in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History.

这是猎巫项链。它陈列在自然历史博物馆中。

The Inquisition Necklace contains 15 Colombian emeralds and 336 diamonds. The center emerald is 45 carats. Many of the gemstones in this necklace date back to the 17th century, when Spanish conquistadors shipped large quantities of emeralds from South America to Europe and Asia. Despite its name, the necklace has no known association with the infamous Spanish inquisition.

这条项链包含15颗哥伦比亚绿宝石和336颗钻石。中央的绿宝石重45卡塔。 necklace 中的许多宝石可追溯到17世纪，当时西班牙征服者将大量绿宝石从南美洲运往欧洲和亚洲。尽管名字中有“宗教裁判所”，但这条项链与臭名昭著的西班牙宗教裁判所没有已知的关联。

The large diamond and emerald gems were probably cut in India in the 1600s. Stringing the gems was an extremely delicate procedure that entailed drilling small holes in the large emeralds and the 16 largest diamonds. Legend has it that the necklace was owned first by Spanish royalty. The Maharajah of Indore acquired it in the early 20th century.

大钻石和祖母绿宝石可能是在17世纪的印度切割的。将这些宝石串成项链是一项极其精细的工作，涉及在较大的祖母绿和最大的16颗钻石上钻小孔。传说中，这条项链最初属于西班牙王室。印度的马哈拉贾在20世纪初获得了它。

Maximilian Emerald Ring

马克斯·埃米尔·绿宝石戒指

This emerald was once set in a ring worn by Mexico's ill-fated emperor, Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph. An Austrian archduke crowned emperor of Mexico in 1864, he was executed just three years later.

这颗翡翠曾镶嵌在一枚由墨西哥命运多舛的皇帝弗朗西斯·马克西米利安·约瑟夫所佩戴的戒指上。1864年，他作为奥地利大公被加冕为墨西哥皇帝，但仅仅三年后便遭到处决。

This is the Gachala Emerald from Vega de San Juan mine, Colombia. This uncut crystal weighs 858 carats - huge for an emerald. It is named after the mining district where it was found in 1967.

这是来自哥伦比亚Vega de San Juan矿区的Gachala晶体。这块未切割的晶体重858克拉——对于绿宝石来说非常大。它是以发现时所在的矿区命名的。

Emerald has the chemical composition Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆ and is classified as a cyclosilicate. It has a hexagonal crystal system 6/m2/m2/m. Its density is 2.67-2.78 and it has an index of refraction in the range 1.566 to 1.602. It's hardness is 7.5 to 8 and its streak color is white.

祖母绿的化学组成是Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆，属于环硅酸盐类。它具有六方晶系（6/m2/m2/m）。其密度为2.67-2.78，折射率范围在1.566到1.602之间。其莫氏硬度为7.5到8，条痕色为白色。

Some of the world's most famous emerald deposits are in Colombia around hydrothermal sites where they crystalize along fractures in carbonate rocks associated with hot springs. Emerald is a variety of the mineral beryl which is colored green by the inclusion of small amounts of chromium or vanadium. A green variety of beryl which shows a six-spoked growth pattern is trapiche , or trapiche emerald.

世界上一些最著名的绿宝石矿床位于哥伦比亚，靠近热液作用区，它们沿着碳酸盐岩中的裂缝结晶，这些矿床与温泉有关。绿宝石是beryl的一种变种，其绿色是由其中含有少量的铬或钒所致。一种beryl的绿色变种，其晶体生长呈现出六辐状图案，称为trapiche，或trapiche绿宝石。

These three samples of emerald are from Hiddenite mine, Stony Point, North Carolina. To give an idea of the size of the samples, the center one scales to about 4x7 cm.

The sample at left is emerald with calcite. It is about 5x5 cm and is from Muzo mine, Muzo, Colombia.

左边的样本是祖母绿并含有方解石。它大约是5厘米见方，来自哥伦比亚穆佐矿区。

This emerald sample is about 7x18 cm and is from Emerald mines, Tokovaya River, Malyshevo, Russia.

这块翡翠样本尺寸约为7厘米乘以18厘米，采自俄罗斯Malyshevo地区的Tokovaya河翡翠矿。

The sample near right is about 1.5 x 4 cm and is from Brumado, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sample far right is about 9x13 cm and is from Campo Formosa, Caraiba, Brazil. They are shown at the same scale.

右侧样本约为1.5 x 4厘米，产自巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州的布鲁马多。右侧远处的样本约为9x13厘米，产自巴西卡里巴的坎波福萨。它们在相同的比例下展示。

Mindat: 绿宝石

这三块翡翠样本来自北卡罗来纳州斯通点的Hiddenite矿。为了说明样本的大小，中间那块大约可缩放至4x7厘米。