Beryllium
铍
Beryllium is a light, silvery-white metal. It is used for making windows for x-ray tubes and radiation counters. X-rays readily penetrate materials of low atomic number, and beryllium metal has the best mechanical properties for the production of such windows.
Beryllium is also used in specialty alloys. About 2% of beryllium in copper produces a hard alloy used for making springs.
铍也用于特种合金。铜中约含2%的铍可制成一种硬合金，用于制造弹簧。
铍是一种轻质银白色金属。它用于制造X射线管和辐射计数器的窗口。X射线容易穿透原子序数低的材料，而铍金属在制造此类窗口时具有最佳的机械性能。 The principal ore of beryllium is beryl, Be3Al2(SiO3)6. Gem varieties of beryl include emerald, which is beryl with traces of chromium to contribute the green color. Also of gem quality is trapiche, or trapiche emerald, which is a green gem with a marked spoke pattern. Aquamarine is also a bluegreen variety of beryl. Beryllium is found in the phosphate minerals Beryllonite, Herderite and roscherite.
铍的主要矿石是电气石，化学式为Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆。电气石的宝石品种包括祖母绿，即含有铬的电气石，以产生绿色。另一种宝石级的品种是trapiche或trapiche祖母绿，是一种具有明显放射状花纹的绿色宝石。电气石还有另一种蓝绿色品种称为海蓝宝石。铍也存在于磷化矿物伯来石、赫德石和罗斯切尔石中。 Beryllium forms the silicate phenakite, Be2SiO4.
Beryllium is also found in the silicate mineral Bertrandite. Other silicates of beryllium are leucophanite, helvite and milarite. It is found with yttrium in the silicate mineral gadolinite. Another silicate mineral of beryllium is euclase. A silicate of beryllium with sodium and aluminum is tugtupite. A silicate of beryllium with sodium is epididymite.
With aluminum, beryllium forms the oxide mineral Chrysoberyl including a gem-quality variety called Alexandrite. With boron, beryllium forms the oxide mineral Hambergite. With magnesium and aluminum, beryllium forms the oxide mineral taafeite.
beryllium 与铝形成氧化物矿物Chrysoberyl，其中包括一种称为Alexandrite的宝石级变种。beryllium 与硼形成氧化物矿物Hambergite。beryllium 与镁和铝形成氧化物矿物taafeite。
Compounds of beryllium are very poisonous - dust or powder from the metal or its oxides can cause serious illness.
铍的化合物非常有毒——金属或其氧化物的粉尘或粉末可能导致严重疾病。
铍形成硅酸盐矿物phenakite，化学式为Be₂SiO₄。铍也存在于硅酸盐矿物bertrandite中。其他铍的硅酸盐矿物包括leucophanite、helvite和milarite。它与钇共同存在于硅酸盐矿物gadolinite中。另一种铍的硅酸盐矿物是euclase。含钠和铝的铍的硅酸盐矿物是tugtupite。含钠的铍的硅酸盐矿物是epididymite。 |
