Glutamine

谷氨酰胺

Glutamine is an amino acid and belongs to the class which has neutral R-groups. It is polar and hydrophilic. In human blood, glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid.

谷氨酰胺是一种氨基酸，属于具有中性侧链基团的类别。它具有极性和亲水性。在人体血液中，谷氨酰胺是含量最丰富的自由氨基酸。

The dietary sources of glutamine includes especially the protein-rich foods like beef, chicken, fish, dairy products, eggs, vegetables like beans, beets, cabbage, spinach, carrots, parsley, vegetable juices and also in wheat, papaya, Brussels sprouts, celery, kale and fermented foods like miso.

谷氨酰胺的主要膳食来源包括富含蛋白质的食物，如牛肉、鸡肉、鱼类、乳制品、鸡蛋、蔬菜如豆类、甜菜、卷心菜、菠菜、胡萝卜、香芹、蔬菜汁，以及小麦、木瓜、花椰菜、芹菜、羽衣甘蓝和发酵食品如味噌。

Glutamine contributes to the regulation of acid-base balance in the kidney by producing ammonium. It serves as a source of cellular energy next to glucose. It provides nitrogen donation for many anabolic processes, including the synthesis of purines. It is a source for carbon donation, refilling the TCA cycle. It serves as a nontoxic transporter of ammonia in the blood circulation.

谷氨酰胺通过产生铵来调节肾脏的酸碱平衡。它作为葡萄糖之外的细胞能量来源。它为许多合成代谢过程提供氮源，包括嘌呤的合成。它还为碳源提供来源，补充三羧酸循环。它在血液循环中作为非毒性的氨运输载体。

Glutamine plays a role in maintaining the normal integrity of the intestinal mucosa.

谷氨酰胺在维持肠道黏膜的正常完整性方面起作用。

Glutamine is one of the few amino acids that can directly cross the blood-brain barrier.

谷氨酰胺是少数几种能够直接穿过血脑屏障的氨基酸之一。