Silver
银
Silver is a soft white metal which is denser than copper and has a lower melting point. It is used in coinage, tableware, and jewelry. In an amalgum with mercury, it is used for the fillings of teeth. A large amount of silver is used in photography.
Coinage silver in the United States has been typically 90% silver and 10% copper. British sterling silver is 92.5% silver and 7.5% copper.
美国的铸币银通常含银90%、含铜10%。英国的银元含银92.5%、含铜7.5%。
The compound silver nitrate (AgNO3) is used to cauterize sores and wounds. It is easily converted to metallic silver by contact with organic matter, such as skin or cloth, and is used in making indelible ink.
硝酸银（AgNO₃）用于烧灼伤口和溃疡。它能通过与有机物（如皮肤或布料）接触转化为金属银，并用于制造不可擦除的墨水。
The silver ion makes an excellent antiseptic, so several silver compounds are used medically as germicidal agents.
银离子具有良好的抗菌作用，因此几种银化合物被用作杀菌剂用于医疗领域。
Fine grains of silver bromide suspended in a thin layer of gelatin forms a photographic emulsion. The emulsion is formed on a sheet of cellulose acetate. The silver bromide is light sensitive, and undergoes photochemical decomposition. The gelatin increases this light sensitivity, perhaps because of the sulfur in it. The decomposed silver bromide registers an image, and development with an alkaline solution of an organic reducing agent like hydroquinone causes the sensitized grains to be reduced to metallic silver, while unexposed grains remain unchanged.
银溴化物细粒悬浮在一层薄薄的明胶中形成相纸乳剂。乳剂形成于一张醋酸纤维素片上。银溴化物对光敏感，并发生光化学分解。明胶可能由于其中的硫元素增强了这种光敏感性。分解后的银溴化物记录下图像，用碱性溶液中的有机还原剂（如对苯二酚）显影，会使敏感的颗粒还原为金属银，而未曝光的颗粒则保持不变。
The undeveloped grains of silver bromide are removed by a fixing solution containing the thiosulfate ion, which forms the soluble silver thiosulfate complex. The negative can then be washed, leaving the silver image.
未显影的银溴化银颗粒被含有硫代硫酸根的定影液去除，硫代硫酸根形成可溶的银硫代硫酸盐络合物。定影后，负片可以清洗，留下银图像。
Silver is sometimes found in nature in metallic form. It forms a sulfide mineral Ag2S called acanthite. Mineral forms of silver include sulfides formed with antimony called Stephanite, miargyrite and pyrargyrite. Silver joins with lead and antimony in the sulfide andorite, AgPbSb3S6. Silver with copper and antimony forms the sulfide polybasite. Silver with arsenic forms the sulfide proustite.
银有时以金属态存在于自然界中。它形成一种硫化物矿物Ag₂S，称为硫银矿。银的矿物形式包括与锑形成硫化物的矿物，如石棉矿、辉银矿和多银矿。银与铅和锑形成硫化物和砷ite，AgPbSb₃S₆。银与铜和锑形成硫化物多银矿。银与砷形成硫化物普鲁士矿。
In the mineral dyscrasite, silver bonds directly to antimony in the form Ag3Sb. Silver bonds to tellurium in the mineral hessite, Ag2Te. Gold and silver combine with tellurium to form the mineral sylvanite, AgAuTe4. Silver appears in the chloride minerals boleite and chlorargyrite and the bromide mineral bromargyrite.
在矿物 dyscrasite 中，银直接与锑结合，形式为 Ag₃Sb。在矿物 hessite 中，银与碲结合，形式为 Ag₂Te。金和银与碲结合形成矿物 sylvanite，形式为 AgAuTe₄。银出现在氯化矿物 boleite 和 chlorargyrite 以及溴化矿物 bromargyrite 中。
Silver is one of the few exceptions to the general order of filling of electron orbitals like copper directly above it in the Periodic Table. It fills all ten 4d states before it fills the second 5s state. Just those levels outside a krypton core are shown.
银是元素周期表中少数几个不符合一般电子层填充顺序的元素之一，位于铜之上。它在填充第二个5s层之前，先填充了所有的10个4d态。仅展示了那些位于氪核心之外的能级。
银是一种柔软的白色金属，其密度大于铜，熔点较低。它用于铸造货币、餐具和珠宝。在与汞形成合金时，用于牙齿填充。大量银用于摄影。 |
