Arsenic
砷
Ordinary gray arsenic is a semi-metallic substance, steel-gray in color with density 5.73. There is also an unstable yellow crystalline form containing As4 molecules, similar to the structure of phosphorus.
Sulfides
硫化物
普通灰砷是一种半金属物质，呈钢灰色，密度为5.73。还有一种不稳定的黄色晶体形式，含有As₄分子，结构类似磷。 In nature arsenic is found in several ores. Orpiment, As2S3, is a yellow substance while realgar, AsS, is a red substance. It is also found in the oxide arsenolite, As4O6, and in arsenopyrite, FeAsS. A sulfide with copper is called enargite. Dufrenoysite and gratonite are sulfides of arsenic with lead. A sulfide formed with lead and antimony is called jordanite. Arsenic forms a sulfide mineral with nickel called gersdorffite. Tennantite is a sulfide which contains arsenic, copper, iron and antimony. Arsenic joins with iron and cobalt in the sulfide glaucodot. Arsenic with silver forms the sulfide proustite. In the sulfide mineral hutchinsonite, (Tl, Pb)2As5S9, arsenic joins with thallium and lead.
在自然界中，砷存在于多种矿石中。或角矿（As₂S₃）是一种黄色物质，而辰砂（AsS）是一种红色物质。它还存在于砷石（As₄O₆）和砷华石（FeAsS）中。含铜的硫化物称为雌黄（enargite）。杜弗诺伊矿（dufrenoysite）和格龙矿（gratonite）是含铅的砷的硫化物。含铅和锑的硫化物称为乔丹石（jordanite）。砷与镍形成硫化物矿物称为格斯多夫石（gersdorffite）。tennantite是一种含有砷、铜、铁和锑的硫化物。砷与铁和钴形成硫化物矿物称为胶质石（glaucodot）。砷与银形成硫化物矿物称为普鲁斯特石（proustite）。在硫化物矿物hutchinsonite（(Tl,Pb)₂As₅S₉）中，砷与铊和铅结合。 Arsenic forms a compound with platinum, PtAs2 which appears in the mineral sperrylite. Iron with arsenic forms the mineral loellingite, FeAs2. Cobalt and arsenic form the minerals safflorite, CoAs2 and cobaltite, CoAsS.
Cobalt and nickel form the minerals skutterudite, CoAs2-3 and nickel-skutterudite, NiAs2-3 Stibarsen, SbAs, is a silvery mineral with a metallic luster.
Arsenates with copper and zinc such as bayldonite, adamite and olivenite have a deep green color. Another green mineral is the copper arsenate tyrolite. See also the zinc arsenate paradamite. The zinc arsenate legrandite has a dramatic orange color. Another zinc arsenate is kottigite. Ludlockite is an arsenate with iron and lead and has a coppery red color. Mimetite, an arsenate of lead with chlorine, forms yellow crystals. Scorodite is an arsenate of iron (dark blue color) and reinerite is an arsenate of zinc. Bayldonite is an arsenate that contains copper, lead and zinc. Roselite is an arsenate that contains cobalt, magnesium and calcium and forms red crystals. Erythrite is an arsenate of cobalt and also shows a red or rose color. Duftite is an arsenate mineral of lead and copper. Liroconite is an arsenate mineral of aluminum and copper with a blue color. Another copper-containing mineral is chalcophyllite.
含铜和锌的砷酸盐，如拜尔顿石、阿德莫石和橄榄石，具有深绿色。另一种绿色矿物是铜砷酸盐的蒂罗利石。参见锌砷酸盐的帕拉达明石。锌砷酸盐的勒格兰石具有鲜明的橙色。另一种锌砷酸盐是科提吉特石。路德洛克石是一种含铁和铅的砷酸盐，具有铜红色。默密石是一种含铅和氯的砷酸盐，形成黄色晶体。 scorodite 是一种含铁的砷酸盐（深蓝色），reinerite 是一种含锌的砷酸盐。拜尔顿石是一种含铜、铅和锌的砷酸盐。罗塞利特是一种含钴、镁和钙的砷酸盐，形成红色晶体。 erythrite 是一种含钴的砷酸盐，也显示出红色或粉红色。杜夫特石是一种含铅和铜的砷酸盐矿物。利罗孔石是一种含铝和铜的砷酸盐矿物，呈蓝色。另一种含铜的矿物是chalcophyllite。
Arsenic appears with manganese and magnesium in the silicate Ardennite. It appears with titanium, manganese and iron in the mineral cafarsite. Arsenic with magnesium, manganese and zinc forms the silicate Mcgovernite.
砷出现在硅酸阿登nite中与锰和镁一起出现，在矿物cafarsite中与钛、锰和铁一起出现。砷与镁、锰和锌形成硅酸Mcgovernite。
Arsenic is used with lead (0.5% As) in making lead shot. It makes the metal harder than the pure lead and improves the properties of the molten material. The shot is formed by pouring the molten material through a screen at the top of a tower and allowing it to solidify into spherical balls before reaching water in a collecting vessel at the bottom of the tower.
砷被用于制造铅弹，其中含有0.5%的砷。它使金属比纯铅更坚硬，并改善了熔融材料的性能。弹丸是通过将熔融材料从塔顶的筛网倒入，并在到达塔底收集容器中的水之前凝固成球形而形成的。
Arsine, AsH3, is a very poisonous gas with a garlic-like odor. Arsenic metal is very toxic, as are many of its compounds. Cupric hydrogen arsenate and a cupric arsenic-acetate (called Paris green) are used as insecticides. Sodium arsenate, Na3AsO4,is used as a weed killer, and calcium arsenate is used as an insecticide. The toxicity of arsenic compounds is sometimes used to advantage in medicine by devising chemotherapy where arsenic compounds at lower than poisonous doses to man are used to attack invading microorganisms.
砷化氢（AsH₃）是一种剧毒气体，具有大蒜味。金属砷非常有毒，它的许多化合物也都是有毒的。铜氢砷酸盐和铜砷酸醋（称为巴黎绿）用作杀虫剂。钠砷酸（Na₃AsO₄）用作除草剂，而钙砷酸则用作杀虫剂。砷化物的毒性有时被用于医学，通过设计化疗方案，使用对人类来说低于中毒剂量的砷化物来攻击入侵的微生物。
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Arsenic is one of the few elements which can be found in nature in pure form. This sample of arsenic is displayed in the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. The left sample is about 18x18 cm and is from Andreasberg, Niedersachsen, Germany.
砷是少数几种在自然界以单质形式存在的元素之一。这个砷的样品陈列在史密森尼自然历史博物馆中。左侧的样品大约18x18厘米，来自德国下萨克森州的安德烈斯贝格。
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砷与铂形成化合物PtAs₂，出现在矿物sperrylite中。铁与砷形成矿物loellingite，FeAs₂。钴和砷形成矿物safflorite，CoAs₂和cobaltite，CoAsS。钴和镍形成矿物skutterudite，CoAs₂-₃和nickel-skutterudite，NiAs₂-₃。Stibarsen，SbAs，是一种银色矿物，具有金属光泽。 |
