Cobalt

钴

Symbol

符号

Atomic number

原子序数

Atomic mass

原子质量

58.9332

Thermal conductivity

热导率

1.00

Atomic radius

原子半径

1.67

Covalent radius

共价半径

1.16

Density

密度

8.90

Atomic volume

原子体积

6.7

Melting point

熔点

1768

Oxidation states

氧化态

2,3

Boiling point

沸点

3143

Stable isotopes

稳定同位素

Heat of vapor.

汽化热

376.50

Electronegativity

电负性

1.88

Heat of fusion

熔化热

16.190

First ionization

第一电离能

7.86

Specific heat

比热容

0.42

Electrical conduct.

电导率

...

Electron configuration

电子排布

Cobalt

钴

Cobalt is a silvery-white metal, with a slight reddish tinge. It occurs in the minerals smaltite and safflorite with the composition CoAs₂. Cobalt also forms an arsenide with the content CoAs_2-3 which is called skutterudite. The sulfide mineral cobaltite, CoAsS, also occurs. Cobalt is usually found in association with nickel. Cobalt forms the sulfide mineral linnaeite, Co₃S₄. Copper, cobalt and nickel join in the sulfide carrollite, Cu(Co,Ni)₂S₄. Cobalt joins with iron and arsenic in the sulfide glaucodot, (Co,Fe)AsS. Cobalt and nickel form the sulfide siegenite, CoNi₂S₄. Roselite is an arsenate that contains cobalt, magnesium and calcium and forms red crystals. Erythrite is an arsenate of cobalt and also shows a red or rose color.

钴是一种银白色金属，略带红色色调。它存在于矿物smaltite和safflorite中，其化学式为CoAs₂。钴还形成一种含砷的化合物CoAs₂-₃，称为skutterudite。钴还形成硫化物矿物cobaltite，化学式为CoAsS。钴通常与镍共生。钴还形成硫化物矿物linnaeite，化学式为Co₃S₄。铜、钴和镍共同形成硫化物carrollite，化学式为Cu(Co,Ni)₂S₄。钴与铁和砷形成硫化物矿物glaucodot，化学式为（Co,Fe）AsS。钴和镍形成硫化物矿物siegenite，化学式为CoNi₂S₄。Roselite是一种含钴、镁和钙的砷酸盐，形成红色晶体。Erythrite是一种含钴的砷酸盐，也呈现出红色或玫瑰色。

Cobalt is used to produce the strongly ferromagnetic alloy alnico which is used to make strong permanent magnets. Alnico alloys iron, nickel, cobalt and aluminum.

钴用于生产强磁性的alnico合金，该合金用于制造强永磁体。alnico合金由铁、镍、钴和铝组成。

Cobalt chloride (CoCl₂.6H₂O) forms red crystals which turn blue when dehydrated. Cobalt oxide, CoO, is a black powder, but it gives a blue color to glass when dissolved in it (cobalt glass).

氯化钴（CoCl₂·6H₂O）形成红色晶体，脱水后变为蓝色。氧化钴（CoO）是一种黑色粉末，但将其溶解在玻璃中会使玻璃呈现蓝色（钴玻璃）。

Cobalt Nuclear Data

钴的核数据

Z	A	Atomic Mass (u) 原子质量（u）	Nuclear Mass(GeV/c2 核质量（GeV/c²）	Binding Energy(MeV) 结合能（MeV）	Spin 自旋	Natural Abund. 天然丰度	Half-life 半衰期	Decay 衰变	Q MeV Q值（MeV）
27	56	55.939841	52.0943	486.92	4	...	77.7d	b+	4.57
27	57	56.936294	53.0225	498.29	7/2	...	271d	EC 电子俘获（EC）	0.84
27	59	58.933198	54.8826	517.32	7/2	1.00	stable 稳定	...	...
27	60	59.933820	55.8147	524.81	5	...	5.272y	b-	2.82

The decay of cobalt-57 by electron capture produces an excited state of iron-57 which emits gamma rays to reach its ground state. One of those transitions has become very important for Mossbauer effect studies.

钴-57通过电子俘获衰变产生铁-57的激发态，该激发态发射伽马射线以达到基态。其中一种跃迁对于莫塞莱效应研究变得非常重要。

The isotope Cobalt-60 has historical significance because it was a component in the radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons. The isotope was used for many years in radiation therapy for cancer. It was also the isotope associated with experiment which demonstrated the nonconservation of parity.

钴-60同位素具有历史意义，因为它曾是核武器放射性 fallout 的组成部分。该同位素曾被用于癌症的放射治疗多年。它也是与演示宇称不守恒的实验相关的同位素。