Manganese
锰
Manganese is a reactive, silvery-gray metal, with a pinkish tinge. Its principal use is in the manufacture of alloy steel. Manganese steels may have a high percentage of manganese (70-80% manganese, 20-30% iron). These materials are called ferromanganese.
锰是一种活泼的银灰色金属，带有粉红色调。其主要用途是在制造合金钢。含锰的钢可能含有高达70-80%的锰和20-30%的铁。这类材料被称为锰铁。
The principal ore of manganese is pyrolusite, MnO2, which occurs in black, massive forms and as a fine black powder. The mineral manganite is an oxide with a hydroxyl group, MnO(OH). Another form of the oxide MnO2 is called ramsdellite . It also forms an oxide mineral of Mn3O4 called Hausmannite and Mn2O3 in the mineral Bixbyite. Manganese is found with iron and zinc in the oxide mineral Franklinite. An oxide of manganese with zinc is Hetaerolite. An oxide of manganese with tungsten and iron is Wolframite. Manganese forms an oxide mineral with titanium, iron and lead called senaite. Manganese forms an oxide mineral with barium and potassium called Hollandite. An oxide with tungsten is Hubnerite. Manganese forms an oxide along with magnesium and other metals in the mineral birnessite. An oxide formed along with barium is called romanechite. Manganese is found with zinc and iron in the mineral chalcophanite. It appears with niobium in the oxide mineral columbite and with niobium, tantalum and iron in manganocolumbite and manganotantalite. Manganese is part of the mineral zincite, a major ore of zinc.
Manganese is found in the red carbonate mineral rhodochrosite, MnCO3, which is sometimes of gem quality. Manganese appears in the carbonate mineral Benstonite.
锰存在于红色碳酸盐矿物 rhodochrosite（化学式 MnCO₃）中，这种矿物有时具有宝石品质。锰也出现在碳酸盐矿物 Benstonite 中。
锰的主要矿石是 pyrolusite（MnO₂），它以黑色块状和细粉形式出现。另一种氧化物是 manganite，其化学式为 MnO(OH)。MnO₂ 的另一种形式称为 ramsdellite。它还形成 Mn₃O₄ 的氧化物矿物 Hausmannite 和 Mn₂O₃ 的矿物 Bixbyite。锰与铁和锌一起存在于氧化物矿物 Franklinite 中。含锌的锰氧化物称为 Hetaerolite。含钨和铁的锰氧化物称为 Wolframite。锰与钛、铁和铅形成称为 senaite 的氧化物矿物。锰与钡和钾形成称为 Hollandite 的氧化物矿物。含钨的氧化物称为 Hubnerite。锰与镁和其他金属一起存在于矿物 birnessite 中。与钡一起形成的氧化物称为 romanechite。锰与锌和铁一起存在于矿物 chalcophanite 中。它出现在氧化物矿物 columbite 中与铌，与铌、钽和铁一起存在于 manganocolumbite 和 manganotantalite 中。锰是矿物 zincite 的组成部分，是锌的主要矿石。 The hydroxide mineral of manganese is called pyrochroite. Manganese sulfide, MnS, in mineral form is called alabandite.
锰的氢氧化物矿物称为辉铜矿。以矿物形式存在的锰硫化物称为阿尔巴内特。 Manganese is a constituent of a number of silicate minerals such as leucophoenicite, spessartine, Mn3Al2(SiO4)3 and serandite, Na(Mn,Ca)2 Si3O8(OH). Manganese appears with calcium, aluminum and boron in the borosilicate manganaxinite. Manganese appears with zirconium in the silicate eudialyte.
锰是多种硅酸盐矿物的组成成分，例如白铅矿（leucophenite）、spessartine、Mn₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃和serandite，Na(Mn,Ca)₂Si₃O₈(OH)。锰与钙、铝和硼一起出现在硼硅酸锰矿（borosilicate manganaxinite）中，并与锆一起出现在硅酸盐矿物eudialyte中。 Manganese with boron forms the oxide sussexite. It also appears in bannisterite and bustamite. It appears with beryllium in the silicate helvite. Manganese appears with magnesium and arsenic in the silicate Ardennite. Manganese with magnesium, zinc and arsenic form the silicate mcgovernite.Manganese with calcium forms the mineral bustamite. Manganese with calcium and lead forms the mineral roeblingite. Manganese with zinc forms the silicate Hodgkinsonite.
Manganese is found in the silicate mineral Langbanite along with antimony, iron and calcium.
It appears with titanium in the mineral astrophyllite.
锰与硼形成氧化物sussexite。它也出现在bannisterite和bustamite中。它与铍形成硅酸盐helvite。锰与镁和砷形成硅酸盐Ardennite。锰与镁、锌和砷形成硅酸盐mcgovernite。锰与钙形成矿物bustamite。锰与钙和铅形成矿物roeblingite。锰与锌形成硅酸盐Hodgkinsonite。锰出现在硅酸盐矿物Langbanite中，与锑、铁和钙共存。它也出现在矿物astrophyllite中与钛共存。 Manganese appears with titanium, arsenic and iron in the arsenate mineral cafarsite.
锰与钛、砷和铁在砷酸盐矿物cafarsite中共存 Manganese appears in the phosphate minerals Childrenite and Hureaulite. Another manganese and barium-containing phosphate is kulanite. Manganese, iron and magnesium form the phosphate mineral ludlamite.
Graftonite is a phosphate mineral of iron, manganese and calcium. Strunzite is a phosphate mineral of iron and manganese. Zinc appears with manganese and iron in the phosphate mineral phosphophyllite.
Manganese dioxide is used as an oxidizing agent in ordinary dry cell batteries.
二氧化锰用作普通干电池中的氧化剂。
Potassium permanganate, KMnO4, is the most important compound of manganese. Crystallizing as deep red prisms, it dissolves in water to an intensely magenta colored solution. A powerful oxidizing agent, it is used as a disinfectant.
高锰酸钾（KMnO₄）是锰最重要的化合物。它以深红色棱柱状晶体结晶，溶于水后形成 intensely magenta 色的溶液。它是一种强氧化剂，可用作消毒剂。
锰出现在磷酸盐矿物Childrenite和Hureaulite中。另一种含锰和钡的磷酸盐是Kulanite。锰、铁和镁形成磷酸盐矿物Ludlamite。Graftonite是一种含铁、锰和钙的磷酸盐矿物。Strunzite是一种含铁和锰的磷酸盐矿物。锌出现在含锰和铁的磷酸盐矿物Phosphophyllite中。 |
