Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Prisms for Polarization

偏振的棱镜

A number of polarizing prisms have been devised which make use of birefringence to separate two beams in a crystalline material. Often they make use of total internal reflection.

一些偏振棱镜已被设计出来，利用双折射将两个光束分开。它们通常利用全内反射来实现这一点。
 Index

Polarization concepts
索引偏振概念
 
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Nicol Prism

尼科耳棱镜

Polarization can be achieved with crystalline materials which have a different index of refraction in different crystal planes. Such materials are said to be birefringent or doubly refracting.

偏振可以利用具有不同晶面折射率的晶体材料实现。这类材料被称为双折射或双折射性材料。
The Nicol prism is made up from two prisms of calcite cemented with Canada balsam . The ordinary ray can be caused to totally reflect off the prism boundary, leaving only the extraordinary ray.
尼科尔棱镜由两个calcite棱镜用加拿大松香粘合而成。寻常光可以被导致在棱镜边界发生全反射，只剩下非寻常光。
Polarizing prisms
偏振棱镜
 Index

Polarization concepts
索引偏振概念
 
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