Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Stellar Radiation Pressure

恒星辐射压力

The idea of pressure can be expressed as force per unit area or energy per unit volume. In the case of a thermal radiator, the energy density of the blackbody radiation may be calculated. If you consider the hot interior of a star, the radiation energy density can be related to the radiation pressure which can act to prevent further gravitational collapse of the star.

压力的概念可以表示为单位面积上的力或单位体积上的能量。在热辐射的情况下，黑体辐射的能量密度可以被计算。如果考虑恒星的炽热内部，辐射能量密度可以与辐射压力相关联，这种压力可以阻止恒星进一步的引力坍缩。

For blackbody radiation, the energy density integrated over all wavelengths is

Radiation
energy
density
辐射能量密度
where for astronomical applications the physical constants are combined in the parameter a which is called the radiation constant.
Radiation
constant
辐射常数
In practice, pressure is a directed quantity against some surface. In a star we visualize the outward pressure of the radiation against some surface that is opaque to the radiation and scatters it backward. When the geometry is analyzed for all incident photon angles upon the surface it yields just a factor of 1/3. The radiation pressure is then
Radiation
pressure
辐射压力
or 1/3 of the integrated photon energy density. For comparison the pressure of an ideal monoatomic gas is two thirds of its energy density.

对于黑体辐射，其所有波长上的能量密度积分是，其中在天体物理应用中，物理常数被组合成参数a，称为辐射常数。实际上，压力是对某个表面的有方向的量。在恒星中，我们可视化辐射对某个对辐射不透明的表面的向外压力，并将辐射散射回。当分析所有入射光子角度的几何结构时，得到的只是一个1/3的因子。因此，辐射压力则是1/3 of the integrated photon energy density，即为积分光子能量密度的1/3。相比之下，理想单原子气体的压力是其能量密度的2/3。
For temperature T = x 10^ K

the radiation pressure is
Pradiation = x 10^ Pa
Pradiation = x10^Atmospheres

Any of the above numbers may be changed. The standard SI unit for pressure is N/m2 or Pascals. Pressures are sometimes stated in terms of the standard Earth atmospheric pressure.

上述任何数值都可能被更改。压力的标准SI单位是N/m²或帕斯卡。压力有时会以标准大气压来表示。
Radiation pressure and the transparency point
辐射压力与透明点
对于温度 T = x 10^ K 的辐射压为 P_radiation = x 10^ Pa，P_radiation = x10^ 大气压
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：tb 2：tp 3：pb 4：pp 5：pat 6：patp。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
 Index

Star Concepts

Star Classification

Reference
Carroll & Ostlie
Ch 9
索引 星体概念 星体分类 参考资料 Carroll & Ostlie 第9章
 
HyperPhysics***** Astrophysics
HyperPhysics ***** 天体物理学
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