Ruby

红宝石

Ruby is made up of the mineral corundum, which is aluminum oxide (alumina, Al₂O₃). It becomes the precious stone when it has a a small impurity of chromic oxide which gives it the rich red color. If the corundum has other impurities to give it other colors, it is called sapphire.

This ruby and diamond bracelet contains 31 matched Burmese rubies with a total of 60 carats. The bracelet is on display at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Myanmar (formerly Burma) is the major source of rubies and sapphires.

这款红宝石和钻石手链包含31颗配对的缅甸红宝石，总重60克拉。该手链陈列于自然历史博物馆。缅甸（ formerly Burma）是红宝石和蓝宝石的主要来源。

At right is the 23.1 carat Carmen Lucia Ruby, mined in the fabled Mogok region of Burma in the 1930s.

右侧是1930年代在缅甸著名的莫戈克地区开采的23.1克拉卡门莉亚宝石。

ruby 是由矿物刚玉（氧化铝，即刚玉，Al₂O₃）组成的。当其中含有少量铬氧化物杂质时，它会成为珍贵的宝石，呈现出鲜艳的红色。如果刚玉中含有其他杂质以呈现其他颜色，则称为蓝宝石。

These are man-made or "cultured" rubies. All the samples are on display at the Museum of Natural History. Ruby is made up of the mineral corundum, which is aluminum oxide (alumina, Al₂O₃). It becomes the precious stone when it has a a small impurity of chromic oxide which gives it the rich red color. If the corundum has other impurities to give it other colors, it is called sapphire.

这些是人工制造的或‘培育’的红宝石。所有样本均陈列于自然历史博物馆。红宝石由矿物刚玉（氧化铝，即 alumina，Al₂O₃）组成。当其中含有少量铬氧化物杂质时，它会呈现出鲜艳的红色，从而成为珍贵的宝石。如果刚玉含有其他杂质以呈现其他颜色，则称为蓝宝石。

Sapphires and rubies exhibit double refraction, which resolves a beam of incident light into two beams which emerge with different colors. These two gems also sometimes exhibit a six-pointed "star" effect from reflection off microscopic, needle-shaped rutile crystals which intersect at 60° angles.

Sapphire 和红宝石表现出双折射现象，这会将入射光束分解为两个出射光束，后者具有不同的颜色。这些宝石有时也会由于反射 off 微观的针状 rutile 晶体而表现出六角形的“星”效应，这些晶体以 60° 角相交。

These are natural ruby crystals in a matrix of white marble. Rubies are formed by heat and pressure in limestone-rich clay. These are from Burma.

这些是嵌在白色大理石中的天然红宝石。红宝石是在富含石灰岩的黏土中由高温和高压形成的。这些来自缅甸。

The red color of ruby gems is mimicked by some forms of red beryl , spinel and even pyrope, so not every red gem is a ruby!

某些红色碧玺、石榴石甚至红宝石可以模仿 ruby 的红色，因此并非所有红色宝石都是 ruby！

The Rosser Reeves Ruby

罗斯-里弗斯Ruby

This 138.7 carat ruby is from Sri Lanka and was owned by Rosser Reeves. The description: "This is one of the world's largest and finest star rubies, with superb color and a well-defined star. Rosser Reeves, an American advertising executive, carried it as a lucky stone and called it his 'baby'."

这块重138.7克拉的红宝石来自斯里兰卡，曾属于罗瑟·里夫斯。描述称：‘这是世界上最大且最优质的星石红宝石之一，颜色优异，星形特征清晰。罗瑟·里夫斯是一位美国广告执行人，他将它作为幸运石携带，并称它为自己的‘宝宝’。

This specimen of ruby is about 6 cm long and is from Luc Yen mine, Yen Bai, Vietnam. The two gems are 2.1 and 3.0 carats.

这块红宝石长约6厘米，来自越南颜白省的卢云矿。两颗宝石的重量分别为2.1和3.0克拉。

This ruby sample is about 2 cm wide and is from Ampanihy, Madagascar.

这块红宝石样本宽约2厘米，来自马达加斯加的阿曼尼希。

This ruby specimen is about 11 cm across and is from Merkestein, Longido, Tanzania.

这块红宝石的直径约为11厘米，来自坦桑尼亚的Merkestein，Longido。

These ruby gems at left are 3.8, 3.6 and 5.65 carats and are from Thailand.

左边这些红宝石重3.8、3.6和5.65克拉，来自泰国。

The ruby sample at right is about 4 cm wide and is from Mogok, Burma.

右边的红宝石样品宽约4厘米，来自缅甸莫戈克。

This specimen is described as corundum of variety ruby with sillimanite. It is about 20 cm long and is from Bhoodipadaga Forest Reserve, Karnataka, India.

这种样本被描述为 ruby 品种的刚玉，含有石英石。它长约20厘米，采自印度卡纳塔克邦的布奥迪帕达加森林保护区。

This ruby specimen is about 10 cm wide and is from Froland, Norway.

这块红宝石约有10厘米宽，来自挪威弗罗兰德。

This ruby specimen is about 14 cm long and is from Merkestein, Longido, Tanzania.

这个红宝石标本长约14厘米，来自坦桑尼亚的Merkestein，Longido。

These ruby specimens are from Mogok, Burma. The largest is about 3 by 7 cm.

这些红宝石来自缅甸莫戈克。最大的那块大约3厘米乘7厘米。

The ring has a 3.3 carat ruby along with diamonds. It is from Thailand.

戒指上镶嵌着一颗3.3克拉的红宝石，还有钻石。它来自泰国。

The ruby and diamond bracelet is of unknown origin.

红宝石和钻石手链的来源不明