Hydrogen
氢
Hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. The hydrogen-helium abundance ratio is an important clue to the cosmological process. The nucleus of ordinary hydrogen consists of a single proton, but it also occurs as deuterium with a proton and a neutron. Deuterium as an isotope of hydrogen has an abundance of 1.5 x 10-4 compared to 0.99985 for ordinary hydrogen. It's stability is remarkable since the free neutron is unstable, undergoing beta decay with a halflife of 10.3 minutes. The measured binding energy of the deuteron is 2.2 MeV. Hydrogen also exists as tritium with a proton and two neutrons but is unstable with a halflife of 12.32 years.
氢是宇宙中最轻且最丰富的元素。氢-氦的丰度比是理解宇宙学过程的重要线索。普通氢的原子核由一个质子组成，但也存在氘，其由一个质子和一个中子组成。作为氢的同位素，氘的丰度为1.5 x 10 -4，相比之下，普通氢的丰度为0.99985。其稳定性令人印象深刻，因为自由中子本身是不稳定的，会发生β衰变，半衰期为10.3分钟。氘的结合能测量值为2.2 MeV。氢也以氚的形式存在，其由一个质子和两个中子组成，但氚是不稳定的，半衰期为12.32年。
Hydrogen is found in most of the substances which constitute living matter. There are more compounds of hydrogen known than any other element, the most important being water.
氢存在于构成生命物质的大多数物质中。已知的氢的化合物种类比任何其他元素都多，其中最重要的就是水。
The lightest of the gases, hydrogen's density is one-fourteenth that of air. It's melting point (14 K) and boiling point (20.3 K) are lower than any other element except helium. As might be expected, liquid hydrogen at a density of 0.07 gm/cm3 is the lightest of all liquids. Crystalline solid hydrogen at 0.088 gm/cm3 is the lightest of all crystalline substances (lighter than a marshmallow!).
作为气体中最轻的物质，氢的密度是空气的四分之一。它的熔点（14 K）和沸点（20.3 K）低于除氦以外的所有元素。正如预期的那样，密度为0.07 gm/cm³的液态氢是所有液体中最轻的。密度为0.088 gm/cm³的结晶态氢是所有结晶物质中最轻的（比棉花糖还轻！）
Large amounts of hydrogen are used in industry in converting oils (liquid fats) into solid fats for the production of foodstuffs and soaps. This process is called hydrogenization.
大量氢气用于工业中将油脂（液态脂肪）转化为固态脂肪，以生产食品和肥皂。这个过程称为氢化。
Hydrogen has a higher thermal conductivity and lower viscosity than other gases and is sometimes used in closed systems for the rapid removal of heat. It has been used as a cooling gas around the armatures of large electric generators.
氢气的热导率高于其他气体，粘度较低，有时用于封闭系统中快速去除热量。它曾被用作大型发电机定子的冷却气体。
Hydrogen burns in oxygen or air with an almost colorless flame and has potential as a fuel. Since it requires energy to separate hycrogen, its real potential is as a storage medium for energy; processes like electrolysis of water can produce hydrogen for storage as a fuel.
氢气在氧气或空气中燃烧时产生几乎无色的火焰，并具有作为燃料的潜力。由于分离氢气需要能量，其实际潜力更在于作为能量存储介质；像水电解这样的过程可以产生氢气，用于储存作为燃料。
Hydrogen is in the same vertical column as the alkali metals, but under conditions occurring on the earth it is a gas. When extremely compressed, hydrogen takes on the characteristics of a liquid metal. The deep interior regions of Jupiter and Saturn produce the pressure conditions to produce this liquid metallic state.
氢位于碱金属的同一垂直列中，但在地球上的条件下它是一种气体。当被极端压缩时，氢会表现出液态金属的特性。木星和土星的深内部区域产生出产生这种液态金属状态的压强条件。
|
