Nitrogen
氮气
Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas which is composed of diatomic molecules N2. It constitutes 78% of the air by volume. At 0°C and 1 atmosphere pressure, a liter has a mass of 1.2506 grams. The gas condenses to a colorless liquid at 77.25 K and to a white solid at 63.3 K.
氮气是一种无色、无味、无嗅的气体，由双原子分子N₂组成。它在体积上占空气的78%。在0°C和1个大气压下，1升氮气的质量为1.2506克。该气体在77.21 K时凝结为无色液体，在63.3 K时凝结为白色固体。
Nitrogen is chemically unreactive. It does not burn, and at ordinary temperatures it does not react with other elements. It is prepared commercially by distillation of liquid air. Liquid nitrogen is extremely useful in the laboratory for cooling and pumping applications.
氮气化学性质不活泼。它不燃烧，在常温下不与其他元素反应。它通过液态空气蒸馏法进行工业制备。液态氮在实验室中被广泛用于冷却和泵送应用。
Though mineral sources of nitrogen are rare, it does occur in a mercury sulfate called kleinite.
Nitrogen is an essential element in most of the substances which make up living organisms, including the proteins. Important compounds include fertilizers and explosives. An essential source of nitrogen for living organism is nitrogen fixation in plants since animal metabolisms cannot form the needed nitrogen compounds from N2 even though it is the major constituent of the atmosphere.
氮是构成大多数生物物质的重要元素，包括蛋白质。重要的化合物包括肥料和炸药。对于生物来说，氮的主要来源是植物中的固氮作用，因为动物代谢无法从N₂形成所需的氮化合物，尽管N₂是大气的主要成分。
尽管氮的矿物来源稀少，但它存在于一种名为克莱伊特的汞硫酸盐中。 |
