Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版：英文原文完整保留，中文紧随对应单元；术语采用 v20260916 确认表，自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Anti-Reflection Coatings

抗反射涂层

Thin film anti-reflection coatings greatly reduce the light loss in multi-element lenses by making use of phase changes and the dependence of the reflectivity on index of refraction. A single quarter-wavelength coating of optimum index can eliminate reflection at one wavelength. Multi-layer coatings can reduce the loss over the visible spectrum.

薄膜抗反射涂层通过利用相位变化和反射率对折射率的依赖性，显著减少了多元件透镜中的光损失。一种最优折射率的四分之一波长涂层可以在一个波长上消除反射。多层涂层可以减少可见光谱范围内的损失。

The idea behind anti-reflection coatings is that the creation of a double interface by means of a thin film gives you two reflected waves. If these waves are out of phase, they partially or totally cancel. If the coating is a quarter wavelength thickness and the coating has an index of refraction less that the glass it is coating then the two reflections are 180 degrees out of phase.

抗反射涂层的原理是，通过使用一层薄膜形成两个界面，会产生两个反射波。如果这两个波相位差为180度，它们会部分或完全抵消。如果涂层的厚度为四分之一波长，并且涂层的折射率低于它所覆盖的玻璃的折射率，那么这两个反射波将相位差180度。
Thin films
薄 films
Example calculation
示例计算
 Index

Reflection concepts
索引反射概念
 
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Multi-Layer Anti-Reflection Coatings

多层抗反射涂层

A single layer anti-reflection coating can be made non-reflective only at one wavelength, usually at the middle of the visible. Multiple layers are more effective over the entire visible spectrum.

单层抗反射涂层只能在特定波长下变得非反射，通常是在可见光的中间波长区域。多层结构在整个可见光谱范围内效果更佳。

The colors used are to distinguish the layers, but not otherwise significant.

所用的颜色只是为了区分各层，其他并无特殊意义。
 Index

Reflection concepts

Reference
Meyer-Arendt 4th Ed, Ch 12
索引 反射概念 参考 Meyer-Arendt 第四版，第12章
 
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Single Layer Anti-Reflection Coating

单层抗反射涂层

A single layer anti-reflection coating can be made non-reflective only at one wavelength, usually at the middle of the visible. Multiple layers are more effective over the entire visible spectrum.

单层抗反射涂层只能在特定波长下变得非反射，通常是在可见光的中间波长区域。多层结构在整个可见光谱范围内效果更佳。

Single layer antireflection coatings are generally calculated for a midrange wavelength like 550 nm (green). With the assumption of a coating thickness of a quarter wavelength in the medium, the reflection can be calculated by using the normal incidence reflection coefficients.

单层抗反射涂层通常针对中等波长计算，例如550 nm（绿色）。假设涂层厚度为介质中的四分之一波长，可通过使用垂直入射的反射系数来计算反射。
For a coating of index
对于折射率的涂层
 =
on glass of index
玻璃的索引
the amplitude of reflection from the first surface (air-to-coating) is
= =
The amplitude of reflection off the back surface (coating-to-glass) is
= =
Since these reflections are 180° out of phase, the resulting reflected intensity (square of amplitude) is
= %
Without the coating, the reflected intensity would be %.
没有涂层的情况下，反射强度会是%。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：ru。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
The transmitted intensity is then
则透射强度为
 = %
compared to % for an uncoated surface.
与未涂层表面的百分比相比。
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：tu。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
The reflected intensities at the extreme wavelengths of the visible spectrum are:
Reflected intensity at 400 nm: %
400 nm 处的反射强度：%
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：r400。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
Reflected intensity at 700 nm: %
700纳米处的反射强度：%
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：r700。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
Reflected intensity at nm = %
纳米处的反射强度 = %
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：w 2：rw。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。

You may have noticed that the lenses of your camera or binoculars have a purplish tint to them when viewed at a glancing angle like the illustrations below. This is a result of optimizing the antireflection coating for the midrange wavelengths, the greens. More of the reflected light is in the red and blue extremes of the visible spectrum. Analyzed from the point of view of the CIE chromaticity diagram, combining red and blue puts you on the "line of purples". Even with the simpler Newton color circle, you can see that emphasizing red and blue will give you something akin to magenta.

你可能已经注意到，当你从斜角观察相机或望远镜的镜头时，它们会呈现出紫色的色调，就像下面的插图所示。这是由于抗反射膜被优化以适应中波长范围，即绿色波长。更多的反射光位于可见光谱的红蓝极端。从CIE色度图的角度来看，将红和蓝组合在一起会落在‘紫色线上’。即使使用更简单的牛顿色轮，你也可以看到强调红和蓝会得到类似品红的效果。
第一表面（空气到涂层）的反射振幅是 第二表面（涂层到玻璃）的反射振幅是 由于这些反射相位差180°，因此总的反射强度（振幅的平方）是 可见光谱极端波长处的反射强度是：
中文译文中的待填/计算数值依次对应：1：nc 2：ng 3：a1 4：a2 5：r 6：t。实际数值以上方原输入框为准。
 Index

Reflection concepts

Reference
Meyer-Arendt4th Ed, Ch 12
索引 反射概念 参考 Meyer-Arendt 第四版，第12章
 
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