Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版:英文原文完整保留,中文紧随对应单元;术语采用 v20260916 确认表,自动语义审校结果可追溯。

The C.I.E. Color Space

C.I.E. 色彩空间

The CIE system characterizes colors by a luminance parameter Y and two color coordinates x and y which specify the point on the chromaticity diagram. This system offers more precision in color measurement than do the Munsell and Ostwald systems because the parameters are based on the spectral power distribution (SPD) of the light emitted from a colored object and are factored by sensitivity curves which have been measured for the human eye.

CIE系统通过光亮度参数Y和两个色度坐标x和y来表征颜色,这两个坐标指定色度图上的一个点。该系统在颜色测量方面比Munsell和Ostwald系统更精确,因为参数是基于有色物体发出的光的光谱功率分布(SPD)并考虑了人类眼睛的灵敏度曲线。

Based on the fact that the human eye has three different types of color sensitive cones, the response of the eye is best described in terms of three "tristimulus values". However, once this is accomplished, it is found that any color can be expressed in terms of the two color coordinates x and y.

基于人眼有三种不同类型的色敏感锥细胞这一事实,眼的响应最好用三个‘三刺激值’来描述。然而,一旦完成这一描述,就会发现任何颜色都可以用两个色度坐标x和y来表示。

The colors which can be matched by combining a given set of three primary colors (such as the blue, green, and red of a color television screen) are represented on the chromaticity diagram by a triangle joining the coordinates for the three colors.

由一组给定的三种基本色(如彩色电视屏幕的蓝、绿和红)混合所能匹配的颜色,在色度图上用连接这三种颜色坐标的三角形表示。
Index

CIE concepts

Color measurement concepts

Williamson & Cummins, Light and Color in Nature and Art, Ch 3
索引 CIE 概念 颜色测量概念 Williamson & Cummins , Light and Color in Nature and Art, 第3章
 
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The C.I.E. Chromaticity Diagram

C.I.E. 色度图

The diagram at left represents the the mapping of human color perception in terms of two CIE parameters x and y. The spectral colors are distributed around the edge of the "color space" as shown, and that outline includes all of the perceived hues and provides a framework for investigating color.

左边的图表示人类颜色感知在两个CIE参数x和y方面的映射。光谱色分布在“颜色空间”的边缘,如图所示,该轮廓包括所有被感知的颜色,并为研究颜色提供了框架。

The diagram given here is associated with the 1931 CIE standard. Revisions were made in 1960 and 1976, but the 1931 version remains the most widely used version. The diagram at lower left is a rough rendering of the 1931 CIE colors on the chromaticity diagram.

此处给出的图与1931年CIE标准相关。1960年和1976年进行了修订,但1931版仍然是最广泛使用的版本。图中左下角的图是1931年CIE色度图的粗略表现。
Diagram with annotation
带注释的示意图
Associate with colors
与颜色关联
The 1976 CIE Chromaticity Diagram
1976年CIE色度图
Index

CIE concepts

Color measurement concepts
索引 CIE 概念 颜色测量概念
 
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The C.I.E. Chromaticity Diagram

C.I.E. 色度图

On the CIE chromaticity diagram at left, some annotation is made about the significance of different parts of the diagram. The boundary represents maximum saturation for the spectral colors, and the diagram forms the boundary of all perceivable hues.

在左边的CIE色度图上,对图中不同部分的意义进行了标注。图的边界表示谱色的最大饱和度,该图构成了所有可感知色度的边界。
Calculation of coordinates
坐标计算
Index

CIE concepts

Color measurement concepts
索引 CIE 概念 颜色测量概念
 
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Approximate colors can be assigned to areas on the CIE Chromaticity Diagram. These are rough categories, and not to be taken as precise statements of color. The boundaries and the color names are adapted from Brand Fortner, "Number by Color", Part 5, SciTech Journal 6, p32, May/June 1996.

CIE色度图上的区域可以大致分配颜色。这些是粗略的分类,不应视为对颜色的精确描述。边界和颜色名称参考了Brand Fortner的《Number by Color》第五部分,SciTech期刊第6期,第32页,1996年5/6月。

Any attempt to depict the gamut of human color vision on a computer monitor must be accompanied by numerous qualifications and exceptions. In the first place, you cannot display the range of human color perception on an RGB monitor - the gamut of normal human vision covers the entire CIE diagram while the gamut of an RGB monitor can be displayed as a triangular region within the CIE diagram. Another qualification is that the hue and saturation associated with a given color name can vary over a considerable range. Add to that the variations with different kinds of display monitors, and you rightly conclude that an accurate rendition is impossible. With all those excuses, however, it still might be instructive to provide a rough idea of the regions of the CIE Diagram associated with common color names.

任何试图在计算机显示器上描绘人类全部色觉范围都必须伴随着众多的限定和例外。首先,你无法在RGB显示器上显示人类正常色觉的全部范围——人类正常色觉覆盖了整个CIE图,而RGB显示器的色域则可以显示为CIE图内的一个三角形区域。另一个限定是,与给定颜色名称相关的色相和饱和度可以在相当大的范围内变化。再加上不同种类显示器的差异,你完全可以得出准确再现是不可能的结论。然而,尽管有这些理由,仍然可能有帮助地提供一些关于CIE图中与常见颜色名称相关的区域的粗略概念。

The display here was created by choosing representative RGB values for the color regions from a rendition of the 1976 CIE Chromaticity Diagram provided by Photo Research, Inc. Note that one representative value in about the middle of the hue and saturation ranges was chosen for each section of the diagram. The point chosen was just a visual judgment of a representative color in the range. The RGB values obtained are listed in the table at right. A different observer would likely have chosen different points to represent the color names, but at least these values might provide a starting point for preferred variations.

此处的显示是通过从Photo Research, Inc.提供的1976年CIE色度图中选取代表性的RGB值来创建的。请注意,对于图中的每个部分,都选择了 hue 和 saturation 范围中间的某一点作为代表。所选的点只是一个对范围内代表性颜色的视觉判断。获得的RGB值列在右侧的表格中。不同的观察者可能会选择不同的点来代表颜色名称,但至少这些值可以作为首选变体的起点。

One characteristic of the commonly used 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram that is evident even from this crude portrayal is that the green takes up far too much of the landscape compared to the number of visually different colors in the region. That was one of the shortcomings that the 1960 and 1976 revisions sought to address.

1931年CIE色度图的一个显著特点,即使从这种粗略的图示中也可以看出,那就是绿色在图中所占的比例远多于该区域中实际存在的不同视觉颜色数量。这也是1960年和1976年修订版试图解决的缺陷之一。
Color name
颜色名称
Red
红
Green
绿色
Blue
蓝色
Red
红
191
27
75
Pink
粉红色
245
220
208
Reddish orange
红橙色
216
119
51
Orange pink
橙粉色
240
204
162
Orange
橙色
228
184
29
Yellowish orange
黄橙色
231
224
0
Yellow
黄色
234
231
94
Greenish yellow
绿黄色
235
233
0
Yellow green
黄绿色
185
214
4
Yellowish green
黄绿色
170
209
60
Green
绿色
0
163
71
Bluish green
蓝绿色
24
162
121
Bluegreen
蓝绿
95
164
190
Greenish blue
青蓝色
110
175
199
Blue
蓝色
92
138
202
Purplish blue
紫蓝色
88
121
191
Bluish purple
蓝紫色
92
102
177
Purple
紫色
246
85
158
Reddish purple
红紫色
196
64
143
Purplish pink
紫粉色
243
208
219
Red purple
红色紫色
175
35
132
Purplish red
紫红色
209
65
136
White
白色
255
255
255
Calculation of coordinates
坐标计算
Index

CIE concepts

Color measurement concepts

Williamson & Cummins, Light and Color in Nature and Art, Ch 3
索引 CIE 概念 颜色测量概念 Williamson & Cummins , Light and Color in Nature and Art, 第3章
 
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