Refrigerator
冰箱
If you place your hand behind an operating refrigerator, you will notice that this area is warmer than the room temperature. Or you may notice that the refrigerator blows warm air on your feet as you stand in front of it. Yet the interior of the freezing compartment is very cold! The refrigerator is taking energy from the freezing compartment, making it colder, and exhausting that heat to the room, making it warmer.
如果你把手放在运行中的冰箱后面，你会注意到这个区域的温度比室温高。或者你可能会注意到，当你站在冰箱前时，冰箱会对着你的脚吹暖风。然而，冷冻室内部却非常冷！冰箱是从冷冻室中取出能量，使其变冷，并将热量排放到房间中，使房间变暖。
A refrigerator is a heat engine in which work is done on a refrigerant substance in order to collect energy from a cold region and exhaust it in a higher temperature region, thereby further cooling the cold region.
制冷机是一种热机，通过对外制冷剂做功，将冷区的能量收集并排放到高温区，从而进一步冷却冷区。
Refrigerators have made use of fluorinated hydrocarbons with trade names like Freon-12, Freon-22, etc. which can be forced to evaporate and then condense by successively lowering and raising the pressure. They can therefore "pump" energy from a cold region to a hotter region by extracting the heat of vaporization from the cold region and dumping it in the hotter region outside the refrigerator. The statements about refrigerators apply to air conditioners and heat pumps, which embody the same principles.
制冷机已利用命名如Freon-12、Freon-22等的氟化氢碳化合物。这些物质可以通过依次降低和升高压力而被强制汽化然后冷凝。因此，它们可以通过从冷区提取汽化热并将其排放到制冷机外部的 hotter 区域，从而将能量从冷区泵送到 hotter 区域。关于制冷机的陈述也适用于空调机和热泵，它们体现了相同的原理。
Although this process works very well and has been in place for decades, the bad news about it is that fluorinated hydrocarbons released into the atmosphere are potent agents for the destruction of the ozone in the upper atmosphere. Therefore tighter and tighter restrictions are being placed on their use.
尽管这一过程工作非常有效，并已持续数十年，但坏消息是，进入大气层的氟化氢类化合物是破坏平流层臭氧的强效剂。因此，对它们的使用正日益受到更严格的限制。
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