Flute

Varying Flute Pitch

变化音调

The lower notes of a flute are obtained by opening holes in the side of the instrument to shorten the air column, raising the fundamental frequency of the open air column. To achieve higher notes, one may force the air column to sound its second harmonic, up an octave from the fundamental. This is achieved by a process called "overblowing" the flute, and the notes produced are said to be in the "upper register" of the flute.

通过在乐器侧面开孔，缩短空气柱长度，可以获得 flute 的低音。为了产生高音，可以迫使空气柱发出其第二泛音，即比基频高一个八度。这一过程称为“过吹”，所产生的音称为 flute 的‘上音域’。

Besides those basic ways to vary the pitch of the flute, the player may make "fine tuning" adjustments by control of the air stream from the lips. The pitch can be lowered slightly by aiming the air in a downward direction into the embouchure hole, and raised slightly by aiming the airstream higher so that it crosses over the embouchure hole.

除了这些基本的改变 flute 音调的方法外，演奏者还可以通过控制嘴唇处的气流进行“微调”。将气流向下吹入嘴唇孔可以使音调略微降低，而将气流向上吹使气流越过嘴唇孔则会使音调略微升高。

The flute is overblown to its second or third harmonic by a combination of increasing the airstream velocity and "rolling in" to decrease the gap between the players lips and the edge. This example demonstrates the tuning range obtainable by adjusting the players lips relative to the edge.

长笛通过增加气流速度和‘卷入’来调谐至其第二或第三泛音，从而减小玩家嘴唇与边缘之间的间隙。这个例子展示了通过调整玩家嘴唇相对于边缘的位置所能获得的调谐范围。

Another video example: tuning by rotating flute relative to lips

另一个视频示例：通过旋转 flute 相对于嘴唇进行调谐

Thanks to Sara Booker for helping to demonstrate the instrument and to Tim Merritt of GSU's Instructional Resource Center for assistance with the video.

感谢Sara Booker帮助演示仪器，以及GSU的Instructional Resource Center的Tim Merritt在视频方面的协助。