Bilingual edition: English is preserved and Chinese follows each unit. Terminology uses the confirmed v20260916 glossary; automated semantic review remains traceable.
中英双语版:英文原文完整保留,中文紧随对应单元;术语采用 v20260916 确认表,自动语义审校结果可追溯。

Rainbow Light Paths

雨后光路

The light paths associated with the primary and secondary rainbows give insight into the formation of rainbows and the order of the colors. For the primary rainbow, the light is bent by refraction upon entering a water droplet, then reflected off the back of the droplet and refracted a second time as it exits the droplet.

与主虹和次虹相关的光路揭示了彩虹的形成及其颜色顺序。对于主虹,光进入水滴时发生折射,然后在水滴背面反射,再在离开水滴时发生第二次折射。
More detail
更多内容
Rainbow image
彩虹图像
Why is the blue lower than the red in a primary rainbow?
为什么虹中蓝色在红色下面?
Why are the colors reversed in the secondary rainbow?
为什么次级彩虹中的颜色是颠倒的?
Show the different paths for a single color
显示单色的不同路径
Index

Rainbow concepts

Atmospheric optics concepts

References
Greenler

Schaaf
索引 雨虹概念 大气光学概念 参考文献 Greenler Schaaf
 
HyperPhysics***** Light and Vision
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Rainbow Light Paths

雨后光路

Rainbow image
彩虹图像
Index

Rainbow concepts

Atmospheric optics concepts

References
Greenler

Schaaf
索引 雨虹概念 大气光学概念 参考文献 Greenler Schaaf
 
HyperPhysics***** Light and Vision
HyperPhysics ***** 光与视觉
R Nave
Go Back
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Light Paths in Water Droplet

水滴中的光路

Of the many paths taken by parallel light rays through a spherical water droplet, several bunch together near a minimum deviation angle, and these rays together enhance the intensity at that particular angle to produce the primary rainbow. The ray which emerges lowest is often called the Descartes ray, since Decartes is credited with being the first to work out these ray paths through a spherical droplet of water. The Descartes ray is analogous to the ray at the angle of minimum deviation through a prism. All the other rays emerge at higher angles from the droplet, so they will reach the eye from droplets lower than the primary rainbow. The other rays contribute to the lighter sky beneath the rainbow and to interference effects seen in the supernumerary arcs.

在通过球形水滴的平行光束众多路径中,一些光束在接近最小偏差角处聚集在一起,这些光束共同增强了该角度处的光强,从而形成主虹。通常被称为笛卡尔光束的那条光束,因其是第一个通过球形水滴计算出这些光束路径的人——笛卡尔——而得名。笛卡尔光束类似于通过棱镜时的最小偏差角光束。其他所有光束均从水滴中以更高的角度射出,因此它们会从比主虹更低的水滴中到达眼睛。其他光束贡献于彩虹下方的较亮天空,以及在 supernumerary 弧中观察到的干涉效应。

Why is the blue lower than the red in a primary rainbow?
为什么虹中蓝色在红色下面?
Show the paths of highest brightness for different colors
不同颜色的最亮路径
Index

Rainbow concepts

Atmospheric optics concepts

References
Greenler

Schaaf
索引 雨虹概念 大气光学概念 参考文献 Greenler Schaaf
 
HyperPhysics***** Light and Vision
HyperPhysics ***** 光与视觉
R Nave
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Different Angles for Different Colors

不同颜色的光有不同的角度

Index of Refraction
折射率
Index

Rainbow concepts

Atmospheric optics concepts

References
Greenler

Schaaf
索引 雨虹概念 大气光学概念 参考文献 Greenler Schaaf
 
HyperPhysics***** Light and Vision
HyperPhysics ***** 光与视觉
R Nave
Go Back
返回