The Line Spectrum Problem
线谱问题
In the years before the beginning of the 20th century, the light emitted from luminous gases was found to consist not of a continuous range of wavelengths, but of discrete colors which were different for different gases. These spectral "lines" formed regular series and came to be interpreted as transitions between atomic energy levels. This presented a considerable problem for classical physics, because accelerated charges were known to radiate electromagnetic energy. It was expected that orbits of electrons about positive nuclei would be unstable because they would radiate energy and therefore spiral into the nucleus. No classical model could be found which would yield stable electron orbits.
20世纪初之前几年，人们发现发光气体发出的光不包含连续的波长范围，而是由不同气体具有不同颜色的离散谱线组成。这些谱线形成了规律的系列，并被解释为电子与原子能级之间的跃迁。这给经典物理提出了重大问题，因为已知加速电荷会辐射电磁能量。人们预期电子围绕正核运动的轨道会不稳定，因为它们会辐射能量并螺旋式地陷入核内。没有一种经典模型能够产生稳定的电子轨道。
The Bohr model of the atom started the progress toward a modern theory of the atom with its postulate that angular momentum is quantized, giving only specific allowed energies. Then the development of the quantum theory and the Schrodinger equation refined the picture of the energy levels of atomic electrons.
玻尔模型开启了向现代原子理论发展的进程，其假设角动量是量子化的，只允许特定的能级。随后量子理论和薛定谔方程的发展进一步完善了原子电子能级的图像。
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