The Genetic Code
遗传密码
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去除叠加的[電]碼 |
The genetic code by which DNA stores the genetic information consists of "codons" of three nucleotides. The functional segments of DNA which code for the transfer of genetic information are called genes. With four possible bases, the three nucleotides can give 43 = 64 different possibilities, and these combinations are used to specify the 20 different amino acids used by living organisms.
DNA通过‘密码子’来储存遗传信息，每个密码子由三个核苷酸组成。DNA中负责传递遗传信息的功能片段称为基因。由于有四种可能的碱基，三个核苷酸可以产生4³=64种不同的组合，这些组合被用来指定生物体中使用的20种不同的氨基酸。
The ribonucleic acid (RNA) that is directly involved in the transcription of the pattern of bases from the DNA to provide a blueprint for the construction of proteins is called messenger RNA or typically mRNA. The pattern for protein synthesis is then read and translated into the language of amino acids for protein construction with the help of transfer RNA or tRNA.
主动图中，直接参与从DNA转录出碱基模式以提供蛋白质合成蓝图的核糖核酸（RNA）称为信使RNA或通常称为mRNA。然后，这种模式被读取并借助转移RNA（tRNA）翻译成氨基酸语言，用于蛋白质的合成。
Biochemical concepts
Chemistry concepts
Reference
Karp
Ch 11
索引 生物化学概念 化学概念 参考 Karp 第11章
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